Betty Friedans The Feminine Mystique Essay - 1284 Words

Betty Friedans The Feminine Mystique The Feminine Mystique is the title of a book written by the late Betty Friedan who also founded The National Organization for Women (NOW) to help US women gain equal rights. She describes the feminine mystique as the heightened awareness of the expectations of women and how each woman has to fit a certain role as a little girl, an uneducated and unemployed teenager, and finally as a wife and mother who is happy to clean the house and cook things all day. After World War II, a lot of womens organizations began to appear with the goal of bringing the issues of equal rights into the limelight. The stereotype even came down to the color of a womans hair. Many women wished that they†¦show more content†¦An enormous problem for women was the psychological stress of dealing with this role that was presented to them. The happily married, perpetually baking, eternally mopping, Donna Reed that lived in every house on the block with her hard working husband and her twelve children that existed in the media made women feel that there was something wrong with them if they didnt enjoy their housewife lifestyle. And it was not easy for women to deal with this problem. As Betty Friedan writes in The Feminine Mystique, For over fifteen years women in America found it harder to talk about this problem than about sex. (Kerber/DeHart 515). Many psychiatrists were baffled and the problem was often ignored with no known solution because everyone found it to not make any sense. Women of low economic status also struggled a great deal because they had to deal with the problems associated with a single income household which could become very frustrating when she has every reason to get a job, but cannot. It is also harder to raise children with a low income and provide for the family as she was expected to. It is interesting to apply the notion of the feminine mystique to modern culture and see that it often still exists. Though there are many women who are getting jobs, there are still a lot of families that fit the mold of the traditional family with the breadwinner andShow MoreRelated Betty Friedans The Feminine Mystique and Sue Kaufmans Diary of a Mad Housewife3507 Words   |  15 PagesBetty Friedans The Feminine Mystique and Sue Kaufmans Diary of a Mad Housewife Bettina Balser, the narrator of Sue Kaufman’s Diary of a Mad Housewife, is an attractive, intelligent woman living in an affluent community of New York City with her successful husband and her two charming children. She is also on the verge of insanity. Her various mental disorders, her wavering physical health, and her sexual promiscuity permeate her diary entries, and are interwoven among descriptions of theRead MoreThe Female Voice : Controversy Surrounding Equality Between Men And Women Essay1468 Words   |  6 Pagesdo not view it as oppressive compulsion in their life. Betty Friedan took a stand for women by refusing to deal with a society that actively oppressed and silenced women who were expected to fulfill certain roles . Such assertive roles disregarded the commitment of educated and motivated women , instead it delivered a inconspicuous message to society saying that educated women were greedy and vile. In 1963 â€Å"The Feminine Mystique† by Betty Friedan censured limited and displeasing roles of theRead More Comparing Suppression of Women in Feminine Mystique, Radicalesbians, and Trifles638 Words   |  3 Pages Suppression of Women through Isolation in The Feminine Mystique,nbsp;Radicalesbians, and Triflesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; It is far easier to break the spirit of one human being than that of a united group of people.nbsp;Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique, Radicalesbians, and Susan Glaspell’s Trifles come to the same conclusion: isolation and separation caused women to be vulnerable to domination by male society. Social stigmatization by men, an inability to describe the situationRead MoreFeminine Mystique1075 Words   |  5 PagesThe Feminine Mystique, a novel written in 1963 by Betty Friedan, provided a strong wake up call for women in America about a problem that was negatively impacting them, but not spoken of. After women fought so hard in the 1930s for the right to vote and equality with men in many areas, the author describes how changes in attitude after World War II were convincing women that their most important role is to get married, have kids and take care of the home. However, these women then felt an emptinessRead MoreThe Femenine Mystique and Feminist Theory: From Margi n to Theory901 Words   |  4 PagesIn the books The Feminine Mystique and Feminist Theory: From Margin to Theory all focus on Feminism. Feminism is a work of movements; theories and ideas all aimed to define, establish equal rights for women. Feminism came in three different waves, 1. The Suffrage, 2) Woman’s liberation movement, and 3) was a continuation of the second wave and its accomplishments and failures. Both of the books focus on the second wave of feminism and take us on a journey on how woman, black and white, survived theRead More Feminine Mystique and Black boy Comparison Essay1230 Words   |  5 PagesFeminine Mystique and Black boy Comparison Fighting for survival and status within the world has been in affect since the Stone Age. It starts with man against beast battling for survival. As time goes on, so does the type of battle, from beast to man against man. When conquerors from Europe come over to North America they push the Indians west because they, the Indians, do not fit into the society the white man creates and there are differences that are noticeable. LaterRead MorePrimary Source Analysis on The Feminine Mystique1128 Words   |  5 PagesPotter 1 Rebecca Potter Gray Section 4975 12 May 2015 Primary Source Analysis on The Feminine Mystique The Feminine Mystique is the title of a book written by Betty Friedan who has also founded The National Organization for Women (NOW) to help US women gain equal rights. She describes the Feminine Mystique as the heightened awareness of the expectations of women and how each woman has to fit a certain role as a little girl, an uneducated and unemployed teenager, and finally as a wife andRead MoreThe Fight for Womens Rights Essay1083 Words   |  5 PagesRights Table of Contents Introduction Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Introduction ​Considered to be the epitome of writers advocating for gender equality and essentially creating the modern Vindication of the Rights of Women, Betty Friedan’s greatest life accomplishment begin with here accomplishments as a Women’s Rights activist. Despite the myriads of writing pieces on the confinements of gender stereotypes, her accomplishments are shined in her co-founding of the National OrganizationRead MoreThe Feminine Mystique By Betty Friedan1793 Words   |  8 Pagesquestion. The beauty of this is that each person, even if reading the same book, leaves the final page with a different message; even more inspiring is that sometimes this message is not even what the writer wanted to convey. The Feminine Mystique, a book written by Betty Friedan, was a book used to put into words the dejection women faced while living their daily lives. She explained how many women were unhappy with their lives because they felt they had no real purpose, they resented th at it wasRead MoreFeminist Icon Betty Friedan Testified1181 Words   |  5 PagesOn January 29th, 1970, feminist icon Betty Friedan testified before the Senate Judicial committee to protest the appointment of Judge George Harrold Carswell to Supreme Court Justice. With this testimony, Friedan hoped to persuade the committee to reject Carswell’s nomination. In her testimony, Friedan was clear, concise, and effective. Friedan employed many different techniques to provide examples and backings for her assertions. Within the first few sentences of her speech, the activist establishes

The Fall House Of Usher And The Lottery By Shirley Jackson

In most stories, the setting creates a backdrop for events to come, sometimes the setting dictates the theme as well as behavior of some of the characters. Between Edger Allan Poe’s The Fall House of Usher and Shirley Jackson’s The lottery, both writers were meticulously keen on using setting as a driving force behind the narrative and also set the tone for the theme. Whilst both stories ended with tragedy of the protagonist, both writers chose different moods to ease the reader into the atmosphere of the stories. In Poe’s The Fall of the House of Usher, Poe in his usual writing style did not beat about the bush before shoving the reader right into a world of horror with the first sentence of the story by describing the day as â€Å"dull,†¦show more content†¦From the narrators’ perspective, The House of Usher was â€Å"mansion of gloom† (Poe 4) that entrapped its occupants and in an â€Å"atmosphere peculiar to themselves and their immed iate vicinity—an atmosphere which had no affinity with the air of heaven† (Poe 6). There is no guessing as to what mood both Roderick and the narrator were in, granted the House of Usher only exhumed an aura of doom and gloom. The Fear in the heart Roderick along with his madness left nothing to the reader’s imagination. Similarly, but on a subtler level, the village folks on the day of the Lottery were filled with a feeling of uncertainty, even among the children who were freshly out of school for the summer season succumb to the fear of events to follow as â€Å"feeling of liberty sat uneasily on most of them† (Jackson 1). In both stories, we find characters in an environment they would rather not be in, but certain circumstances prevent them from leaving at will, clearly conflicted. The battle can be even more difficult when external forces such as your town or your home works against you. In The Fall House of Usher, the Usher mansion served as a major conflict for both the narrator and Roderick. In the narrator’s case, he could have made the decision not to deal with the mysterious even that were taking place at the Usher mansion, but he chose to stay and serve as a companion to his boyhood friend who was in dire need of a friend; to an extent, the narrator was dealingShow MoreRelatedComparing The Lottery and Fall of the House of Usher1119 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature Poe Jackson There are a number of literary elements that successful authors creatively and effectively combine so as to demonstrate their style, technique, and knowledge of writing fundamentals. In the short stories, The Lottery and The Fall of the House of Usher written by Jackson and Poe respectively, the authors depend heavily upon the settings within each story to enhance or explore elements such as mood, atmosphere, conflict, and theme. Jacksons The Lottery takes place inRead MorePsychological Horror : The Mind As The Monster Of The Story1500 Words   |  6 Pagesimagining his escape. Plot twists like this is a very common literature device used in psychological horror. Psychological horror can take the form of a novel such as The Shining by Stephen King or also in short story as is â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson. It is a very popular genre that has translated with astonishing success in films. Psychological horrors are written in a variety of characteristics that helps the reader understand what the protagonist is going through. The main componentRead MoreHistory of the Development of the Short Story.3660 Words   |  15 Pagespost-war era The period following World War II saw a great flowering of literary short fiction in the United States. The New Yorker continued to publish the works of the form’s leading mid-century practitioners, including Shirley Jackson, whose story, â€Å"The Lottery,† published in 1948, elicited the strongest response in the magazine’s history to that time. Other frequent contributors during the last 1940s included John Cheever, John Steinbeck, Jean Stafford and Eudora Welty. J. D. Salingers

Corporate Governance & Economic Theory-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the four models (a) Anglo-Saxon- Based largely on British law covers U.S. and UK (b) Germanic-the social welfare approach based originally on laws adopted by the Kingdom of Prussia, extended to the newly united Germany, (c) Consultative Model-limits employee and union rights to consultation by board and management on a long list of decision making. (d) Hybrid models- Japan is key example. Answer: Anglo Saxon Law Anglo Saxon law was written in the colloquial speech and the law was completely free form the Roman influence. There are certain permissible principles prevailed in England from the 6th century since the Norman invasion had happened. The Anglo-Saxon law was made up of three workings: the laws and collections accumulation by the king, the trustworthy behavior of convention such as those established in the Norman-instituted books and confidentialcompilationsof officially permitted policy and enactments. It was relatively based on the criminal law cases rather than a legal endorsement (Loyn 2014). Anglo- Saxon law prevails as the opposite of Folk right as the expression has formulated for the judicial consciousness of people and for their existence in the nation. On the other hand outlaw systems, corporate punishment and the corporal discrepancy was the premier function of the method. The penal system of law relating cases and the regarding argument was the composed ratification of imp osing the law over the nations. German Social welfare approach The political conflict in Germany during the half century between 1815 and 1866 was then subjected to consider the intellectual controversies for the government and administration of Germany. The first concern, possibly the most imperative, was the technique in which Central Europe should be prearranged and the Confederation of states are relatively was not in between the German states. The second concern was the responsibility of popular involvement in the government of the diverse German states and any probable liabilities of united German nation-state. This encouraged the third concern of the liberation of Jews (Coady and Lehmann 2016). Laws are always engaged by the nature of government and the citizenship is being progressed by the application of the law. Thus German confederation has lasted for fifty-one years and through the time period, they have implemented some nationalist idea that provides independent decision-making situation from the government. Consultative model limits Consultative model is based on the organization development and provides the approach f for the organizational changes. Adapting business strategies and the degree of ownership is the basic criteria of the model and the approach of effective management with current internal and external environmental change for the organization is dependent on that model. So it is basically a exert mode that can be handled by the simple description of two consultative model. For the transitional change in the organization and the strategic direction, making is the business goal for the performance business results. In the European Nation collective labor law has covered by the constructive model limit where the bargaining collective processes for the labors are the ethical issue of the action taking (Truex 2017). Individual employment law and the law concerning employee bodies have taken the initiation for the implementation of the law in the developed sector of the bargaining agreement. Hybrid model of Japan Japan is the most advanced automobile industry and the incorporation of advanced technologies and the launched of different vehicles has portrayed their technological power in the field of technological invasion. The Japanese automobiles are the best productive orientation that World has, thus Japanese car modeling and the Hybrid electric vehicles are designed by from the Japanese industries. They have a high amount of variable transmission and the decent types of equipment that offers the best quality of navigation and civic quality in the designed car (Su, Tzeng and Hu 2016). The best admiration of the modeling of technological aspect in Japan and the innovative feature of Japan create a sustainable hybrid situation for the technological company. Therefore the hybrid mix of Japanese systems and the innovative technological innovation has prompted the nation as the best in technology in the whole World. References Coady, N. and Lehmann, P. eds., 2016.Theoretical perspectives for direct social work practice: A generalist-eclectic approach. Springer Publishing Company. Loyn, H.R., 2014.Anglo Saxon England and the Norman Conquest. Routledge. Su, C.H., Tzeng, G.H. and Hu, S.K., 2016. Cloud e-learning service strategies for improving e-learning innovation performance in a fuzzy environment by using a new hybrid fuzzy multiple attribute decision-making model.Interactive Learning Environments,24(8), pp.1812-1835. Truex, R., 2017. Consultative authoritarianism and its limits.Comparative political studies,50(3), pp.329-361.

The Northern Renaissance as Expressed On Canvas free essay sample

This paper discusses the rich art history that stemmed from the artistic renaissance in northern European countries. This paper takes a look at the notable masterpieces of the artistic Renaissance in Northern Europe. The author pays close attention to the new styles of the times, the use of oils, light and shadow, and how expressing inner emotions became more prevalent than outer appearances on the canvas. The author looks in particular at the portraits The Arnolfini Portrait by Jan van Eyck, and The Ambassadors by Holbein the Younger. While the Southern renaissance is better known, the countries of the north Germany, The Netherlands, France, and England? also enjoyed a rich artistic renaissance, though slightly delayed. Historians dispute reasons as to why this so. Some argue that for reasons such as the bubonic plague and economic depression, it took the Northern countries a longer time to emerge from the dark ages. Another argument is that Northern artists were simply more reluctant to switch from the Gothic style they used in the past. We will write a custom essay sample on The Northern Renaissance as Expressed On Canvas or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In any case, European patrons and artists prized their work and they were praised for their talents in working with oils and their mastery of detail. Northern art managed to progress at a surprising pace despite its delays. The two paintings used as references in this portfolio, The Arnolfini Portrait by Jan van Eyck and The Ambassadors by Hans Holbein the Younger, stand as examples of this. With only 100 years difference between them, it is important to examine what accounts for the changes by comparing the paintings in areas of characterization, chiaroscuro, medium, and artistic symbolism. In this way, the differences between Early and Late Northern renaissance art can be clearly defined.

Analysis and Summary of essays

Analysis and Summary of essays The First of the trilogy, The Lord of the Rings, the Fellowship of the Ring introduces the reader once again to the world of Middle Earth and all of the magical characters which the writer, J.R.R. Tolkien created. Bilbo Baggins returns, celebrating his 111th birthday, along with Grandalf and the various species of hobbits, elves and other magical creatures. The reader is introduced to Frodo Baggins, Bilbos nephew and heir to Bilbos fortune, and his various friends and counterparts. And again, at the center of the entire fiasco, is the Ring, the symbol of power and control, the one ring to rule all. As in all trilogies, the first edition is marked with the beginning of the story, the introduction of the characters, the building of the plot, and the overall dynamics and underlining of the tale. In this story, the reader is exposed to the moral development of the main character, Frodo Baggins. In much the same way as the human race faces moral corruption and destruction on a dail y basis, the Fellowship of the Ring introduces the Reader to one hobbits personal struggle with overcoming temptation and weakness. The story presented in this book serves the purpose of teacher the reader something about him or herself, or humanity as a whole. By exploring the development of the character of Frodo, as well as dissecting the decisions and difficult situations which Frodo encounters, and finally observing the overall indication of morality on life, it is possible to identify how Tolkien not only entertains through the first of his trilogy, but also enters in important ideas on existance as an entirety. Tolkien created hobbits to be half the size of normal humans. He also created them with half the moral corruption, and twice the heart. A hobbit is a peaceful creature, content with normality and sameness. The typical hobbit never travels far from home, and enjoys repeating most activities every day, through the s...

Profile of Elizabeth Smarts Kidnapper, Brian David Mitchell

Profile of Elizabeth Smart's Kidnapper, Brian David Mitchell Brian David Mitchell is the self-proclaimed angel from heaven who said he was sent to Earth to serve the destitute and correct the Mormon Church by restoring its fundamental values. He is also the man who, along with his wife, Wanda Barzee, was found guilty of kidnapping 14-year-old Elizabeth Smart in 2002 and holding her captive for nine months. Mitchells Childhood Brian was born Oct. 18, 1953, in Salt Lake City, Utah. He was the third of six children born at home to Mormon parents, Irene and Shirl Mitchell. Irene, a schoolteacher, and Shirl, a social worker, were vegetarians and raised their children on a diet of whole wheat bread and steamed vegetables. The family was described by neighbors as odd but decent. Brian seemed like a normal child, involved in the Cub Scouts and Little League. Irene was a caring mother, but Shirl had a questionable perspective on healthy child rearing. When Brian was 8, Shirl attempted to teach him about sex by showing him sexually explicit pictures in a medical journal. Other sexually oriented books were brought into the home and left within reach of the latchkey kid. Shirl once attempted to teach his son a life lesson by dropping off the 12-year-old in an unfamiliar area of town, instructing him to find his way home. As Brian got older, he became more argumentative with his parents and retreated into a world of isolation. Around age 16, Brian was found guilty of exposing himself to a child and sent to a juvenile delinquents hall. The stigma of his crime alienated Brian among his peers. Arguments between Brian and his mother were constant. The decision was made to send Brian to live with his grandmother. Soon after the move, Brian dropped out of school and began using drugs and alcohol. He left Utah at 19 and married 16-year-old Karen Minor after she discovered she was pregnant. They had two children in the two years they stayed together. Their stormy relationship ended, and Mitchell gained custody of the children because of Karens alleged infidelities and drug abuse. Karen remarried and regained custody, but Mitchell took the children to New Hampshire to prevent them from returning to their mother. In 1980, Mitchells life changed after his brother returned from a religious mission and the two talked. Brian discontinued his drug and alcohol use and became active in the Church of Latter-day Saints. By 1981, he was married to his second wife, Debbie Mitchell, who had three daughters from a previous marriage. In addition to Debbies three children and Brians two, the Mitchells had two more children soon after their marriage. Mitchells Abuse in His Second Marriage The marriage soon showed signs of strain. Mitchells two children were sent to foster homes. Debbie claimed that Mitchell turned from gentle to controlling and abusive, dictating what she could wear and eat and trying to frighten her. His interest in Satan disturbed her, although Mitchell claimed he was learning about his enemy. Mitchell filed for divorce in 1984, claiming that Debbie was violent and cruel to his children and was turning them against him. A year after their separation, Debbie called authorities to report her fear that Mitchell had sexually abused their 3-year-old son. A caseworker for the Division of Child and Family Services couldnt link Mitchell to sexual abuse but recommended that his future visits with the boy be supervised. Within the year, Debbies daughter accused Mitchell of having sexually abused her for four years. Debbie reported the abuse to LDS leaders  but was advised to drop it. Mitchell and Third Wife Wanda Barzee On the day that Mitchell and Debbie divorced, Mitchell married Wanda Barzee, a 40-year-old divorcee with six children whom she had left with her ex-husband when she moved out. Barzees family accepted Mitchell, although they found him to be strange. Some of Barzees children moved in with them but found the home to be increasingly odd and threatening because of Mitchells eccentric behavior. Outsiders viewed the couple as normal, hard-working Mormons. Mitchell worked as a die cutter and was active with the LDS church, but close family and friends were aware of his tendency toward rage, often unleashed on Barzee. He was becoming increasingly extreme in his religious views and his interaction with fellow LDS members. His portrayal of Satan during temple rituals had become too extreme; he was asked by the elders to tone it down. One night the Mitchells woke one of Barzees sons and told him they had just spoken to angels. The Mitchell home soon changed so drastically that Barzees children, unable to take the constant proselytizing, moved away. By the 1990s, Mitchell had changed his name to Emmanuel, discontinued his association with the church, and presented himself as a prophet of God whose beliefs were etched by his prophetic visions. When the couple returned to Salt Lake City, Mitchell had taken on a Jesus-like look with a long beard and white robe. Barzee, now calling herself God Adorneth, stayed by his side like a doting disciple, and the two were fixtures along downtown streets. Relatives of the couple had little to do with them, and old friends who happened upon them were treated as strangers. Corbis via Getty Images / Getty Images Elizabeth Smart Is Kidnapped Early on June 5, 2002,  Mitchell  kidnapped 14-year-old Elizabeth from her bedroom. Her 9-year-old sister, Mary Katherine, witnessed the abduction.  Smarts family went on television and worked with the Laura Recovery Center, gathering 2,000 search volunteers to find Elizabeth, but were unable to locate her. A few months later, Elizabeths sister  identified Mitchells voice as that of the kidnapper, Emmanuel, who had done odd jobs for the Smart family, but the police didnt find that to be a valid lead. The Smart family hired a sketch artist to draw his face and released it on Larry King Live and other media resources, which led to Mitchell being found with Elizabeth and Wanda nine months after her kidnapping. After several trials,  Mitchells insanity defense fell apart on Dec. 11, 2010. Elizabeth testified that she was repeatedly raped and forced to watch sexual films and consume alcohol during her confinement. The jury found Brian David Mitchell guilty of kidnapping with the intention of engaging her in ​sexual activity and sentenced him to life in prison in Arizona, while Barzee was sentenced to prison until 2024.

Fashion marketing Spanish group Inditex Assignment

Fashion marketing Spanish group Inditex - Assignment Example The essay "Fashion marketing Spanish group Inditex" discovers the marketing of the Spanish group Inditex. The mission statement of Bershka has always been to reach their customers within best possible short time, and to offer them quality of service at low prices. Bershka has also expanded their services to approach the customers through online selling. And today, the websites executing under Bershka are gaining advantage at excellent level. Swot analysis: (14Ju1) - Strength - strong management, pricing power, size and cost advantage, financial leverage and unique products. Weaknesses - work inefficiencies, high debt burden, high staff turnover, weak R&D and management, outdated technology and bad acquisitions. Opportunities - new technology, emerging markets, financial leverage, acquisitions synergies, new services, online markets and innovations. Threats - change in customer’s change, volatile costs, bad company, high competitive market, and bad economy, substitute products available in the market and government regulations. Product - high textile quality products are created along with the latest new designs. The products are designed keeping in mind the actual trends of the market. Finalized products are finely seal packed to keep safe. Besides clothing the brand also includes; accessories, apparels, bags, shoes, denim, Underwear & Lingerie. Prices - the prices of the products are set at a level of being available to the most common customers, holding average income. The prices are also kept same.

Slavery's Destructive Effect on Women Research Paper

Slavery's Destructive Effect on Women - Research Paper Example In a slave system, all suffer. Perhaps the saddest of all, it is the women who suffered the most. Slavery dehumanized black women by robbing them of the ability to fulfill their basic human needs and instincts. This paper will discuss the horrors and injustices that slave women were forced to deal with on a regular basis. Linda Brent narrates her own story as a woman who experienced slavery. Her personal story of slave life features the  embarrassment, sacrifice, and effort specific to women slaves of the nineteenth century. According to Jacobs, slavery is  awful  for men; however, it is particularly  awful  for women (2001)1. Because of slavery, families  were broken  apart. Linda had shined in  fundamental  reading and writing. This drew the attention of her master, Dr. Flint. Linda was only fifteen when her  master  started chasing her. In  revulsion  she  constantly  declined and avoided him. The representation of Flint shows the  unkind  control   character  of many southern slave proprietors, and as such, tells the  time  of a slave girl to  control  emotional and  bodily  suffering  that was plainly different from the  life  of her  typical  male equivalent. ... Sands in anticipation of him buying her independence demonstrates what disturbing limits she  was pressed  to in their life.  She  freely  surrendered her body to a man for an opportunity to be set free from oppression, and for the  expectation  that one day she  possibly  will  raise  her children without slavery (Jacobs, 2001)1.Her deeds were most  dignified  and  unselfish  in  character, but the  delivery  of her first and subsequent children  consequently  enslaved her to the needs of Dr. Flint, who might have used her children against her if she failed to comply. Her  primary  wish  was to escape with her two brothers, but she also had to think of the outcomes that her children might face because of her disobedience. According to Hine D, Hine H, and Harold, women were tortured by the slave owners, but they became enlightened and organized themselves to find a way of getting their freedom (2011)2. This was during the time in sixteent h-century Africa, when the antislavery progress and making black community organizations could be appealing to any person  concerned  with the in detail  examination  of African-American  record  as it connects to the United States  record. The mixing of the well-known and the  indefinite, male and female, North and South, slave and liberated, gives a textile that unites the fear and the  victory  of the African-American  occurrence  which assisted them to  move  away from the anguish to 2 a  position  of  curative  hope (Hine and Hine, 2011)2.The confidence  beginning  for so much of the African American  victory  might  have been covered  further  at length. Women lived with double  trouble  of  discrimination  and chauvinism, slave women in the  agricultural  estate  South presumed responsibilities in

Catholic Church Essay Example for Free

Catholic Church Essay The church remains to be one of the most powerful and influential social system which affects our day to day living. As such, controversies involving church authorities have always attracted utmost social attention. Such issues are even incorporated in many literary works. One of the most esteemed literary pieces tackling church-related controversies is John Patrick Shanley’s â€Å"Doubt†, a play which yielded the Pulitzer Prize. Basically, the play presents the depressingly typical scenario of pedophile priests. However, although the story tackles an abuse scandal involving a church authority, it is important to note that the plot does not indulge in exposing amoral activities within the respected institution. Rather, it diverges from its particular plot by exploring a range of interrelated dilemmas faced by the Catholic Church. Analyzing the various themes that were vaguely discussed in the play’s plot through smart dialogues and characterizations, Doubt appears to be more than just a formula-based story mimicking a real event derived from the newspapers. On the whole, the play is more of a twisted portrayal of the hierarchy, male dominance, and conservatism that embraces the practices of the Catholic Church. Battle between the sexes and male dominance In the play, Sister Aloysius, the principal of the grade school suspects that Father Flynn has molested the first and only black student of the school. Examining these two major characters presented in the story, Doubt somehow becomes a picture of a battle between the sexes, within the grounds of the Catholic Church. Being the head of the school, Sister Aloysius supposedly has absolute power over her territory. As the principal, she is in charge of maintaining order within the school and protecting the children from harm so she is also entitled of subjecting the teachers to disciplinary actions whenever she deems fitting. However, in Father Flynn’s case, everything takes a different turn. Suspecting that something is wrong with Father Flynn’s actions, the principal does not directly call on the priest or immediately report him to a superior for questioning and punishment. Rather, Sister Aloysius chooses to confide to Sister James and narrates a somewhat similar experience that she has encountered before. Eight years ago at St. Boniface we had a priest who had to be stopped. But I had Monsignor Scully then who I could rely on,† the principal notes, stressing her need for a male ally. She further states that the situation with Father Flynn is quite different because â€Å"there is no man† that they can go to and that â€Å"men run everything†. At the end of their conversation, Sister Aloysius suggests that it is up to them to stop the peculiar Father. This proposition, along with the apparent cry for help from the naive nun and the student’s mother, only suggests that Sister Aloysius recognizes that the Church is a patriarchal system and that there is a need for women to unite and work together in order to expose a priest’s wrongdoing. During the confrontation of Father Flynn and Sister Aloysius, it is also obvious that the priest recognizes the male dominance within the church. When the principal tells him that she has sought the assistance of other parishes that the priest has served before, the fuming father states that despite the authority she holds over the school, she is still a member of the religious order, so she should be obedient to her superiors – who were men, of course. As anticipated, the priest brings himself to an untouchable position, between Sister Aloysius and the Monsignor, simply using his gender as the basis for the claimed authority. Furthermore, the end result of the confrontation – the transfer of Father Flynn to another parish, and his promotion as a parish priest only proves that the fear of Sister Aloysius and the haughtiness of the priest in question are well-substantiated. A Conservative Church vs. the Liberal Ways Based on the idea that the church is patriarchal and that male superiors often turn a blind eye to the wrong doing of priests, it somehow appears that Sister Aloysius is the protagonist and that Father Flynn is the unobvious antagonist. However, taking into account the conservative versus liberal scenario also embodied by the two major characters, it seems that there is more to the story than an outcry against a patriarchal system. In the play, it is clear that Sister Aloysius is the embodiment of the traditional and conservative church. She represents the old ways – inflexible, definite, and authoritarian. She is not fond of those who, like Father Flynn, attempt to be different and applies their distinctiveness in the way they preach and interact with the parishioners. In stark contrast with the nun’s character is the witty and playful Father Flynn who is fond of hugging his students, making jokes, and ultimately working against the principal’s idea that moral authority suggests social isolation. Assessing the clash between the two in relation to their symbolizations of the traditional versus the liberal, it seems that the principal’s suspicions are largely a product of her attempt to restore order in her Catholic school. It may be that Sister Aloysius’ qualms are just manifestations of her anger and fear against the threat that is Father Flynn, nothing more. Conclusions: Doubts†¦. And more doubts Apart from the question of whether Father Flynn was really a child predator, the play raises many other doubts about the Catholic Church. It engages the audiences in the dilemma if they should struggle for a social structure that is impartial and unprejudiced to a certain gender. Also, the play explores the idea of whether the church should maintain the old ways, or they should just go with the flow of modernity and adopt liberal methods of preaching and relating to their parishioners. Overall, the play also touches on power play within the system, with regards to the maintenance of long practiced values like social isolation and patriarchy. Thus, it is safe to conclude that analyzing the characters and dialogues within the play, themes in the story only show that Doubt is also about church scandals, but only to the least degree. As noted by Shanley in a feature article for the Huffington Post, he wasnt interested particularly in writing about the church scandals† nor did he had the interest to write mystery novels. True to his purpose, Doubt exists to make people realize that they are indeed living in a world that’s full of doubts – doubts that are ever present even within the church that they lean upon for certainty and deliverance. Works Cited Falsini, Cathleen. â€Å"Beyond The Shadow of a Doubt. † Huffington Post. 2003. 24 July 2009. http://www. huffingtonpost. com/cathleen-falsani/beyond-the-shadow-of-a-do_b_150496. html Shanley, John Patrick. â€Å"Doubt†

Christian Beliefs and Abortion Essay -- Papers

Christian Beliefs and Abortion this essay has problems with format Abortion What is meant by abortion? Abortion is defined in the dictionary as, "The expulsion of a foetus (naturally or by medical induction) from the womb before it is able to survive independently (around 28 weeks)." This simply means the foetus is removed by either a natural or medical procedure before the time of the natural birth would have occurred, before the foetus could support it’s own life. Their are in fact three types of abortion. They are: Voluntary - when the mother decides to have an abortion out of choice, Therapeutic - carried out when the mother’s health is in danger and Spontaneous - when the foetus dies during the pregnancy (the same as a miscarriage). The Abortion Act is what is used to determine whether an abortion is justified, it was passed in 1967 and then amended in 1990. Currently it states that: 1967 Abortion Act An abortion may be performed legally if two or more doctors certify that: 1. The mental and physical health of the woman, or her ex isting children, will suffer if the pregnancy continues. Or†¦. 2. The child, if born, would be seriously physically or mentally handicapped. 1990 amendment As the 1967 Act, except that the time limit for when an abortion can be carried out was reduced to 24 weeks. This Act means a pregnant woman has the right to an abortion if: 1. Upon keeping the pregnancy, and therefore having the child, the mother and/or any children she already has would be harming their physical or mental well being. 2. The foetus has been shown to have either a physical or mental disability and therefore would be born handicapped. If two doctors both agree that the woman suffers from either of the points, then abortion is a ... ... relieve this pain. I do not think that people will ever see eye to eye on this controversial issue, there will always be those who believe in choice and those who believe in life, the only way people can decide, is to listen to each side of the argument and make up their own minds. Bibliography  · Bible  · Contemporary Moral Issues New Edition - Jenkins  · Introducing Moral Issues  · Religion & Ethics  · Various Websites: www.bbc.co.uk / www.abortionfacts.com / www.re-xs.uscm.ac.uk  · Pro Life campaign material  · Church of England Reports  · Christianity in Today’s World - Lynch  · Christianity and Social Issues - Keane  · Ethics and Religion - Jenkins  · One World, Many Issues - Williams  · Daily Express 11/10/99  · BBC ‘Matters of Belief - Abortion’, ‘ Abortion - Whose Choice?’, ‘Education and Choice’ and ‘Doctor’s Dilemma’ TV programmes.

In measure for measure,the characters of Angelo and Isabella are similar

In measure for measure there are two characters that at first glance seem to be from two different worlds but a closer analysis shows that they are actually very similar. This is the case with Angelo and Isabella. When we first meet Angelo we see a ruthless leader who enforces the law as severely as he can and Isabella is the complete opposite, she is a virtuous and chaste young woman who was ready to devote her life to God. Both Angelo and Isabella have strict moral views; they both exhibit pride and are guilty of self deception. In scene, when Isabella and Angelo first meet straight away we can distinguish the similarities between them. For example, Isabella uses the same language as Angelo and the two of them are able to finish each other's sentences indicating that they are on the same thinking level and that they are actually not that different as both knew what the other was intending on saying. Isabella like Angelo is denying her sexuality. Isabella uses religion as a repression of sexuality where as Angelo represses his sexuality by enforcing harsh rules in Vienna regarding fornification and does not allow himself to express any feelings openly. One could argue that both Angelo and Isabella are sexually frustrated. Isabella is a pure and chaste young woman who happens to be in a corrupted society and it could be argued that her decision to join the nunnery was a way of sexual control and that she does not trust herself in the society that she is in and needs restraint â€Å"but rather wishing a more strict restraint† (1:4,L3). Angelo is a puritan and as a puritan he has to be able to control his sexuality which is why he doesn't express he desires or emotions and this leads to characters describing him as â€Å"a man whose blood is very snow broth† and in his soliloquy Angelo can't describe what he is feeling towards Isabella because he was never able to speak out openly about sex, emotions, love etc. â€Å"What's this?† â€Å"What's this?† (2:2, L 164) .For both of these characters repressing their sexuality discourages the audience from identifying with them. Another similarity that Angelo and Isabella both share is that they are put in a sordid situation by the Duke. The Duke put Angelo in charge of power whilst he left knowing full well that Angelo is a man made out of steel and will enforce the strict laws and as a result Claudio was condemned for fornification by Angelo who led to Isabella pleading for his life. The Duke is the only character who could intervene but chose not to. Isabella and Angelo are both troubled characters struggling to come to terms with their own inner nature. Both characters share their feelings and thoughts with he audience in soliloquy. Angelo (2:2) and Isabella (2:4) this is the only time that the audience can begin to understand these characters more and are able to empathise with them. One could argue that another feature both of these characters share is hypocrisy Angelo is an authoritive figure but does not practice what he preaches. He is a hypocritical character because he is condemning Claudio for fornification whilst going against his own law by asking Isabella to sleep with him.Similarly, Isabella readiness to give away another person's chastity (Marianna) is quite hypocritical because she refused to give up her own chastity because it was not morally right but was quite eager for Marianna to give up hers. It could also be argued that both Angelo and Isabella are selfish characters. Angelo's selfishness is evident in the way he abandoned Marianna due a lack of dowry and Isabella's selfishness is evident in the way she was prepared to value her own virginity more than her brother's life and the fact that she wanted Marinna to give up her virginity could also be seen as a selfish act. Both Isabella and Angelo are proud characters. Angelo is a proud man because he will not back down from enforcing the severe laws in Vienna even when Isabella pleads with him to spare her brother's life. I think Angelo feels that if he backs down then people will begin to take advantage of him as they did with the Duke so I think he feels it's imperative to be proud and honourable because that is the only way people will know you mean business and will look up to you. Isabella is a proud character in the sense that she would rather her brother lost his life rather than her give up her virginity to save him. To Isabella honour and pride means more than saving her own flesh and blood. â€Å"Die, perish†¦.not words to save thee† In conclusion, many critics have noted the similarity between Isabella and Angelo D.L Stevenson in his book, The Achievements of Measure for Measure, Ithaca 1966 notes the similarities between Angelo and Isabella, He claims ‘She is kind of observe of Angelo†¦ the play is only allowed to come to an end only at the moment of exact equivalence between Isabella and Angelo. It only ends s when Isabella has really become the thing she has argued for in Act II, merciful' (against all sense† the duke points out). What D.L Stevenson is arguing here is that in a sense Isabella looked up to Angelo because he was this authorative male figure but Isabella is also a strong female who was able to withstand pressure from this authoritive male figure. I agree with D.L Stevenson, I think that Isabella does look up to Angelo because he is a proud, authoritive being and I think in a way Isabella actually see a bit of herself in Angelo in the sense that neither of them can express themselves sexually as freely as they would have liked to therefore they resort to extreme situations to avoid confronting their true inner selves. They are both proud yet hypocritical characters who don't see any wrong in their own actions but are quick to blame others, for Isabella a prime example is when Claudio asked her to give up her virginity and she was outraged by what he suggested â€Å"O you beast!, O faithless coward!, O, dishonest wretch!† but yet she expected Marianna to do the exact thing she refused to do.

Elements of Fiction Essay

The six major elements of fiction are character, plot, point of view, setting, style, and theme. 1. Character — A figure in a literary work (personality, gender, age, etc). E. M. Forester makes a distinction between flat and round characters. Flat characters are types or caricatures defined by a single idea of quality, whereas round characters have the three-dimensional complexity of real people. 2. Plot –- the major events that move the action in a narrative. It is the sequence of major events in a story, usually in a cause-effect relation. 3. Point of View — the vantage point from which a narrative is told. A narrative is typically told from a first-person or third-person point of view. In a narrative told from a first-person perspective, the author tells the story through a character who refers to himself or herself as â€Å"I.† Third –person narratives come in two types: omniscient and limited. An author taking an omniscient point of view assumes the vantage point of an all-knowing narrator able not only to recount the action thoroughly and reliably but also to enter the mind of any character in the work or any time in order to reveal his or her thoughts, feelings, and beliefs directly to the reader. An author using the limited point of view recounts the story through the eyes of a single character (or occasionally more than one, but not all or the narrator would be an omniscient narrator). 4. Setting –- That combination of place, historical time, and social milieu that provides the general background for the characters and plot of a literary work. The general setting of a work may differ from the specific setting of an individual scene or event. 5.Style — The author’s type of diction (choice of words), syntax (arrangement of words), and other linguistic features of a work. 6. Th eme(s) — The central and dominating idea (or ideas) in a literary work. The term also indicates a message or moral implicit in any work of art. What is the connection of Literature to the history? The main connection between literature and history is that literature is used to report and represent history. The two are, therefore, intertwined with  one another. The biggest difference between literature and history is that the latter posits itself as fact, while the former is taken to be an artistic form. The twin ideas of fact and entertainment intertwine often within literature and history to produce historical fiction and narrative non-fiction. Literature takes many forms. They range from personal notes to poems and non-fiction articles. Literature can be presented in a number of mediums including online content, magazine and newspaper articles and in book form. For a work to be considered literary, it usually requires artistic merit and quality. What constitutes as literary is a subjective matter and rarely agreed upon. History at its most basic is the story of humanity. This is divided into anthropology,archaeology and history. History is the story of man’s representation of his own story — that is to say, what people through the ages have chosen to record and write down. Literature and history both occur in numerous forms, from tax records and letters to full histories of whole nations and people. Meaning: Anthropology is the scientific study and analysis of human beings and humanity. Archaeology is the discipline of excavating old artifacts and buildings to learn more about human history. It is often considered a type of science, though it is based more on interpretation and cross-comparisons than hypothesis-making and experimentation. Philippines Natural Artist of Literature Francisco Arcellana N. V. M. Gonzales Nick Joaquin F. Sionil Jose Jose Garcia Villa Edith L. Tiempo Virgilio S. Almario Amado V. Hernandez Carlos P. Romulo Alejandro R. Roces Bienvenido Lumbera Francisco Arcellana, writer, poet, essayist, critic, journalist and teacher, is one of the most important progenitors of the modern Filipino short story in English. He pioneered the development of the short story as a lyrical prose-poetic form. For Arcellana, the pride of fiction is â€Å"that it is able to render truth, that is able to present reality†. Arcellana has kept alive the experimental tradition in fiction, and has been most daring in exploring new literary forms to express the sensibility of the Filipino people. A brilliant craftsman, his works are now an indispensable part of a tertiary-level-syllabi all over the country. Arcellana’s published books areSelected Stories (1962), Poetry and Politics: The State of Original Writing in English in the Philippines Today (1977), The Francisco Arcellana Sampler (1990). Some of his short stories are Frankie, The Man Who Would Be Poe, Death in a Factory, Lina, A Clown Remembers, Divided by Two, and his poems beingThe Other Woman, This Being the Third Poem This Poem is for Mathilda,To Touch You and I Touched Her, among others. Nestor Vicente Madali Gonzalez, better known as N.V.M. Gonzalez, fictionist, essayist, poet, and teacher, articulated the Filipino spirit in rural, urban landscapes. Among the many recognitions, he won the First Commonwealth Literary Contest in 1940, received the Republic Cultural Heritage Award in 1960 and the Gawad CCP Para sa Sining in 1990. The awards attest to his triumph in appropriating the English language to express, reflect and shape Philippine culture and Philippine sensibility. He became U.P.’s International-Writer-In-Residence and a member of the Board of Advisers of the U.P. Creative Writing Center. In 1987, U.P. conferred on him the Doctor of Humane Letters, honoris causa, its highest academic recognition. Major works of N.V.M Gonzalez include the following: The Winds of April, Seven Hills Away, Children of the Ash-Covered Loam and Other Stories, The Bamboo Dancers, Look Stranger, on this Island Now, Mindoro and Beyond: Twenty -One Stories, The Bread of Salt and Other Stories, Work on the Mountain, The Novel of Justice: Selected Essays 1968-1994, A Grammar of  Dreams and Other Stories. Nick Joaquin, is regarded by many as the most distinguished Filipino writer in English writing so variedly and so well about so many aspects of the Filipino. Nick Joaquin has also enriched the English language with critics coining â€Å"Joaquinesque† to describe his baroque Spanish-flavored English or his reinventions of English based on Filipinisms. Aside from his handling of language, Bienvenido Lumbera writes that Nick Joaquin’s significance in Philippine literature involves his exploration of the Philippine colonial past under Spain and his probing into the psychology of social changes as seen by the young, as exemplified in stories such as Doà ±a Jeronima, Candido’s Apocalypse and The Order of Melchizedek. Nick Joaquin has written plays, novels, poems, short stories and essays including reportage and journalism. As a journalist, Nick Joaquin uses the nome de guerreQuijano de Manila but whether he is writing literature or journalism, fellow National Artist F rancisco Arcellana opines that â€Å"it is always of the highest skill and quality†. Among his voluminous works are The Woman Who Had Two Navels, A Portrait of the Artist as Filipino, Manila, My Manila: A History for the Young, The Ballad of the Five Battles, Rizal in Saga, Almanac for Manileà ±os, Cave and Shadows. F. Sionil Jose’s writings since the late 60s, when taken collectively can best be described as epic. Its sheer volume puts him on the forefront of Philippine writing in English. But ultimately, it is the consistent espousal of the aspirations of the Filipino–for national sovereignty and social justice–that guarantees the value of his oeuvre. In the five-novel masterpiece, the Rosales saga, consisting of The Pretenders, Tree, My Brother, My Executioner, Mass, and Po-on, he captures the sweep of Philippine history while simultaneously narrating the lives of generations of the Samsons whose personal lives intertwine with the social struggles of the nation. Because of their international appeal, his works, including his many short stories, have been published and translated into various languages. Jose is also a publisher, lecturer on cultural issues, and the founder of the Philippine chapter of the international organization PEN. He was bestowed the CCP Centennial Honors for the Arts in 1999; the Outstanding Fulbrighters Award for Literature in 1988; and the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Journalism, Literature, and Creative Communication Arts in 1980. Carlos P. Romulo’s multifaceted career spanned 50 years of public service as educator, soldier, university president, journalist and diplomat. It is common knowledge that he was the first Asian president of the United Nations General Assembly, then Philippine Ambassador to Washington, D.C., and later minister of foreign affairs. Essentially though, Romulo was very much into writing: he was a reporter at 16, a newspaper editor by the age of 20, and a publisher at 32. He was the only Asian to win America’s coveted Pulitzer Prize in Journalism for a series of articles predicting the outbreak of World War II. Romulo, in all, wrote and published 18 books, a range of literary works which included The United(novel), I Walked with Heroes (autobiography), I Saw the Fall of the Philippines, Mother America, I See the Philippines Rise (war-time memoirs). His other books include his memoirs of his many years’ affiliations with United Nations (UN), Forty Years: A Third World Soldier at the UN, and The Philippine Presidents, his oral history of his experiences serving all the Philippine presidents. Alejandro Roces, is a short story writer and essayist, and considered as the country’s best writer of comic short stories. He is known for his widely anthologized â€Å"My Brother’s Peculiar Chicken.† In his innumerable newspaper columns, he has always focused on the neglected aspects of the Filipino cultural heritage. His works have been published in various international magazines and has received national and international awards. Ever the champion of Filipino cultures, Roces brought to public attention the aesthetics of the country’s fiestas. He was instrumental in popularizing several local fiestas, notably, Moriones and Ati-atihan. He personally led  the campaign to change the country’s Independence Day from July 4 to June 12, and caused the change of language from English to Filipino in the country’s stamps, currency and passports, and recovered Jose Rizal’s manuscripts when they were stolen from the National Archives. His unflinching love of country led him to become a guerilla during the Second World War, to defy martial law and to found the major opposition party under the dictatorship. His works have been published in various international magazines and received numerous national and international awards, including several decorations from various governments.

Michael Jordan and his legacy in the NBA.

Michael Jordan and his legacy in the NBA. Michael Jordan is not only a name; he is a legend and an inspiration. If you ask people in the developed world who this man is, it is likely they will know. Most are aware of Jordan's greatness and skill, and may believe he was born great, but he was not. Only through hard work, triumph, and adversity did this man made himself what he is today, a basketball legend.Mike's parents, James and Deloris Jordan, grew up in Wallace, North Carolina, and met each other at none other than a high school basketball game. On February 17,1963, Deloris gave birth to Michael Jordan. He grew up with three siblings, James Ronald, Larry, and Deloris.While their children were young, Mike's parents taught them the lessons of life and the philosophy of hard work and determination. They all grew up in a poor, sharecropping community in North Carolina. Mike and his brother Larry had a great love for all sports and competition, as did the rest of their family.English: Chicago Bulls. Michael Jordan 1997If a ba seball or football wasn't being thrown around outside, it was checkers or chess inside.Because Mike and his brother loved the game of basketball so much, their parents built them a basketball court in their backyard. Mike and Larry spent the most time on the court, battling it out with each other every day. Although Larry was older, he would not let Mike earn easy victory. He made him work for it, as his father did when they played. The way Mike would play defense on his brother earned him the nickname "the rabbit" because of the way he bounded back and forth after Larry.Mike attended school at D. C. Virgo Junior High School. There he quarterbacked the football team. When he entered high school, he was...

It Isnt About Luck

It Isnt About Luck You were lucky to have FundsforWriters to sell your books. I dont have that luxury. I hear this so much, in one version or another. First of all, there is no serious luck in this business. Its a matter of constantly putting yourself out there in terms of writing, publishing, appearing, working social media, fighting to be current, taking chances. There is no one right way or best way, only the way that happens to work for you at that moment in time. Frankly, I started FundsforWriters because I could NOT sell my mysteries. I wanted to be a writer and make an income from writing, so I figured any sort of reputable recognition could only help me in becoming a professional writer. As someone who loved stringing words, I walked through whatever door opened for me, wrote whatever might help me take one step further in my career. However, I had my conditions and parameters in who I wrote for and what I wrote and how I proceeded: 1) Markets had to pay. Even as a beginner, I recognized that being paid mattered not only in my pocketbook but also in the eyes of editors I pitched. They knew who paid and who didnt, and that mattered in their judgment of me. I wrote a column once for nothing, hoping to aid my resume, but after several issues, when the editor still could not afford to pay, I stepped away. And I learned that nobody cared that Id written that column. 2) I had to build and retain a following. I couldnt just write and build up credits. I had to have someplace to flaunt those credits (website, then social media) and some means to retain those people who read my work and liked it (newsletter). 3) Repetition matters. I wanted to become Google-able, which meant frequent and reputable appearances. If I wasnt on the first page of a Google search for my name, I strived to submit to enough magazines, websites, newsletters, and blogs to improve my search ranking. A book a year wasnt going to work. 4) Quality matters. Its a given that your writing quality matters, but be careful where you make your appearances. I wish I knew way back when what I know now about that. I wouldve been a tad more selective in some instances as to whom I wrote for. You might be new. You might be a struggling mid-lister. You might be seasoned and coming back into the fold, trying to remain pertinent. Fight to present yourself as strong, diligent, and reliable. Keep putting yourself out there, but dont give it away. People will respect you so much more.

Legal Aspect of Nursing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Legal Aspect of Nursing - Case Study Example The physician should have looked for an alternative source of the anesthetist or take the patient to another hospital. Failure to provide the appropriate care and referrals to the patient. The physician did not give the patient good care when he was in the hospital. The physician should have spent the night checking on the patient to see any progress or complication that may arise. Failure to communicate. The physician did not communicate to his seniors or other medical agencies to seek for assistance. There are many medical centers that would have carried out the surgery if they were notified. The hospital could also have requested aid of an ambulance to transfer the patient to another center. The emergency center physician who represents the hospital is liable for the liabilities raised. The physician did not do a conclusive assessment on the patient to determine the urgency of the surgery. This would have enabled the physician to look for an alternative hospital where the surgery would have been done immediately. The physician did not have the anesthetist in the center. This is a sign of lack of commitment in his duties. The physician must ensure that there are all necessary medicine and chemicals at all times. The orders must be mad in advance before the stock ends. If the physician had done a prudent assessment on the patient, he would have communicated it to Jose’s parent so that she can take the necessary step to ensure that the patient receives treatment in another hospital. Having done the x-ray on the patient, the physician should have done minor treatment instead of giving sedatives only. The court would rule against the hospital and physician. The care standard that was given to the patient is below standard. If the hospital had attended to the patient on time, there would not be any complications on the patient. In the case of Hall v. Arthur, the United States court of appeal upheld a trial court decision, which held the

The Secret Behind Music Industry Research Paper

The Secret Behind Music Industry - Research Paper Example The other secret involves building some diversity. For instance, when one is building some roster for management, he or she should pick bands that are of the same gender. The bands should be of the same scene, and this is because the bands will have to play together and influence chances off every other including matching the managers music taste. Here, the negatives are usually disregarded while the positives are quite considered. Therefore, in order for one to venture into the music industry, he or she should consider diversity quite remarkably seriously. When one follows such a path, his or her responsibilities will be equal across the music genres. One should not work in only one area. Partnerships and missions also are some of the secrets of the music industry. Almost all bands should purpose to sit down and make some writing about two separate documents. The two documents should form the stamina of the band’s working relationship, and this is whichever one is playing in his or her grandma’s stadium. The first document, in which case it involves the partnership, should contain the names of people in the band, creative splits between the members of the band, the financial agreements, parting agreements, and sharing of money from the band. The second document, in which case it involves the mission statements, should address why every member is playing in the band, including what the band is trying to achieve. The stamen should be realistic and should be re-examined after some period (Byron). The other secret behind the music industry involves the press shots. Press shots are the most significant tools that the bands have at their disposal. However, there exists some crucial... The paper describes the secret about the music industry which involves connection or rather just a plan. The other secret behind the music industry, and which is quite advantageous, involves personal branding. In fact, most of the band managers name their companies using their own names and also booking agents transfer from one booking agency to another, but they have to pull their own brand across with them. Personal branding should not be taken as too personal, in which case one will lose a lot. The last secret involves putting the budget as the first consideration. One should look for a producer who is able to market him or her. Indeed leading producers are quite exclusive, and hence, one should put enough consideration to the budget. Budgeting is crucial in the music industry because one has to record the music, promote, press, and also create some video clips. Lastly, the current world involves the use of technology, in which case the internet and other new electronic allotment platforms play the prominent role, the new artist can display their talents to any person that may be having the computer or any portable electronic device. Some can use the internet to hear from the artist. In addition, the paper talks that most youthful people like using the internet, and hence, the internet will play a big role in the music industry.

Personal & Career Development Programme Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal & Career Development Programme - Essay Example You will carry out a literature search on a business in a specific sector which forms a short report in the journal. The focus of the research should be on their business model, products or services, potential business developments, customer or client base. This is designed to help you prepare for questions in an interview which ask you to display knowledge of their business operations. In carrying out the research you should avoid relying solely on information published by the organization and look for independent views and analysis. Google Business Model Google has made enviable strides in a very short time. The company is only in its thirteenth year but it is bigger than many older companies (Google, 2011). The main mode of income generating at goggle is advertising (Betz, 2011). They place advertisements on various products, which they provide free (Murthy, 2007). They even allow users to share in the advertising fees through Google Adwords and Google Adsense (Hill, 2004). In sho rt, Google provides multiple platforms for advertisers to put their advertisements and provides services to end users without cost. Products and Services Google has a very wide range of products. The most popular ones are the Google search engine and Gmail (Hochman, 2010). The search engine helps internet users to find information from the internet based on keywords (Girard, 2009). Gmail on the other hand is a free email platform that allows users to send and receive emails among other services. Other service offered by Google is the YouTube service. This was an acquisition by Google to help in prop its web presence. In addition, there are services such as Blogger through which Google to give free blogs. Potential Business Developments Google has been in the process of improving its services (Gaist, 2009). One of the recent, changes are the upgrade of the appearance of its search engine and the impending system wide change of the appearance of the Gmail email platform. As a company, Google generally avoids making too many changes on its products, opting to build on existing ones by adding optional functionalities to them (Rothkopf, 2009). A case in point is the recent introduction of Google+, which is Google’s attempt at entering the social media scene. It is simply an extension of Gmail. This ideal also shows in Google’s concept of a single sign in. Once a user signs in to any of Google’s applications, they can access all other products provided they registered to use it. Another interesting development that Google is pushing through is Google Places. This application will make it possible for people to know in real time where others are, based on their cell phone signal (Bailyn & Bailyn, 2011). This product is yet to hit the market in a big way, but it will become significant when people get comfortable with others knowing where they are at any one time. Customer Base Google’s customers are the advertisers who put up their adverts on the platforms Google provides (Betz, 2011). End users of the services are not the customers of the company (Paliwal, 2006). They do not generate revenue for Google. They simply provide Google with potential consumer groups to whom the company’s customers can advertise. Reference List Bailyn, E. & Bailyn, B., 2011. Outsmarting Google: SEO Secrets to Winning New Business. Que Publishing. Betz, F., 2011.

Impact of Teamwork on Organisational Problem Solving

Impact of Teamwork on Organisational Problem Solving Can Groups and Teams be seen as the silver bullet to solve organisational problems? Reflect critically on this issue drawing on theory and research. Introduction In recent years, the implementation of groups and teams has become more commonplace in firms: 78% of US workplaces use teams (Allen and Hecht, 2004) and 72% of UK organizations involve their core employees in formal teams (Kersley et al., 2013). However, scholars have generally been divided about the effectiveness of teams in solving challenges in the workplace, with varying empirical results and evidence. Despite their popularity, are groups and teams always beneficial to workplaces? In observing the drawbacks of implementing teams, it is suggested that alternative factors are equally important in solving organizational problems. This essay attempts to show that teams are not the silver bullet for all organizations by critiquing populist theories on benefits of teams, discussing additional problems that may arise from teams and lastly, by questioning the assumptions of this essay. Although Katzenbach and Smith (1993a, p.45) defined team as a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable and working group as a small number of people working in a collaborative style with individual input and accountability, I will use groups and teams interchangeably and not draw a distinction between the two terms for the most part of this essay. This is in line with many writers (e.g. Allen and Hecht, 2004), who regarded them as the same and that teams are two or more people working interdependently towards achieving a common goal. Section 1: Critiquing popular theories on benefits of teams Historical view of teams: Sociotechnical systems theory (STS) The term STS was originally coined by Emery and Trist (1960) to describe systems which involve a complex interaction between people, machines, and the organizations external environment; it was about utilizing the human and technical aspects to make an organization more effective. STS was the basic foundation for the empowerment of teams, arguing that as workers gain more autonomy over their jobs, team members can make greater use of their skills and judgment to better tackle organizational problems (Cohen et al., 1996). Groups were suggested as an alternative to routine Tayloristic and Fordist frameworks by reducing boredom and by allowing workers to be more involved and interested in their tasks. This works in theory, but teams may not be that autonomous or beneficial in practice. Murakami (1997) studied the introduction of teams in fourteen car plants worldwide and although teams were given some autonomy about work distribution and internal leadership, he found that managerial power in the most important areas of car production remained unchallenged. Barker (1993) argued that while teams may appear to give workers more autonomy over their jobs, groups may represent a more subtle and intensive form of control as team members can control each others actions through surveillance or social pressures. Besides that, research has indicated that in becoming group members, individuals often lose their problem-solving facilities, become emotionally segregated and blame others for their failure (Wells, 1980 cited in Sinclair, 1992, p.616). In line with that, Naquin and Tynan (2003) agreed that teams receive joint credit for successes but often blame team failure on an individual member , leading to conflict within the group. Dunphy and Bryant (1996) argued that the implementation of self-managed teams shifts the burden of problem-solving from managers to employees, leading to intensification of work and heightened stress levels. This is in line with Rothschild and Whitt (1986) who revealed that groups can often be a source of stress rather than satisfaction and have a negative effect on employees well-being. Nevertheless, even if some workers enjoy their job more through teams, there is no evidence that this will always lead to improved performance. Some researchers have suggested that job performance leads to job satisfaction but not the reverse (Bagozzi, 1980). And even if it does improve individual performance, it may not necessarily lead to organizational effectiveness in solving problems (Sinclair, 1992). Belbins Team Roles Another theory which popularized team effectiveness was Belbins model of team roles. Belbin identified nine team roles/ contributions that are seen to be crucial for organizational effectiveness (Belbin, 1993). Each team role is considered important because it helps to provide a good balance for achieving tasks. The essential contributions are solving problems, exploring resources, coordinating tasks, imparting drive, evaluating information, developing team members, implementing ideas, perfecting details, and providing knowledge. Some modern workplaces form teams on the basis of Belbins team profiles as they supposedly allow organizations to recognize and use others strengths to best advantage (Belbin, 2014). To a certain extent, Belbins model of teams and team roles may appear to solve certain organizational problems. For example, problems at organizations may occur due to ambiguity and role conflict. When there is role ambiguity, workers are uncertain which responsibilities they should tackle, leading to anxiety. This may also lead to conflict if one worker believes that another is impinging on their role, putting newcomers in a difficult position as they are apprehensive of taking on tasks (Slaughter and Zicker, 2006). By clearly defining team roles using Belbins model, organizations may be able to avoid some of these problems. However, Belbins model has been re-examined with mixed results. For example, Fisher (1996) argued that Belbin team roles have little psychometric support and that it is unreliable to use it as the basis for team roles. Another criticism is that Belbin insinuated that there are only a limited number of ways in which people can usefully contribute to teams when in practice, roles are complex and varied. Imposing team roles onto people and expecting them to contribute to workplaces in a certain way may lead to stereotyping. For example, an individual who is actually more efficient working alone may be accused of being a bad employee just because they are not a team player (Sewell, 2001). Apart from that, Belbins original research mainly focused on upper-management level executives in Britain in the 1970s, consisting mostly of middle-class white men. This does not mean that Belbins theory of teams and team roles cannot be applied to other cultures, but it could be biased as the research was based on a specific demographic. Katzenbach and Smiths Wisdom of Teams Katzenbach and Smith (1993a) argued that teams will always outperform individuals when teams are properly understood and supported. They suggested that the mutual accountability, commitment, and skills of team members will encourage open discussions and critical problem-solving. The better teams will move beyond individual responsibilities and pursue team performance goals like increasing work quality or responding to customers faster, reducing inefficiency problems. Storey (2007) argued that this theory adopts a unitarist view of management where employees and managers are constantly in pursuit of higher productivity, which may not always be true in practice. The main critique is that Katzenbach and Smith wrote from their personal work experiences (Wilson, 2013). Their research had no solid empirical evidence and while they claimed to collect information through interviews, they did not divulge how they analyzed the data. They were also inclined to ignore public service sector or third sector examples, which could make their findings biased. Additionally, this theory played down the intrinsic qualities of organizational problems such as job satisfaction or workers feelings and personal motivations. Metcalf and Linstead (2003) argued that this approach is masculinist as it adopted a view that only emphasized better performance, with the soft components such as sensitivities and feelings of members being marginalized. However, to successfully solve organizational problems, we should consider both masculinist and soft aspects as organizational problems can be related to both. Hence, this theory fails to explain why teams would be the solutio n to all challenges. Section 2: Problems that arise from implementing teams Social loafing Secondly, teams should not be seen as a panacea because they may cause even more organizational problems. One of the problems that arise from teams is social loafing, colloquially known as free riding or laziness. Simply stated, it refers to a situation in which certain members of a group exert less effort than the others (Clegg at al., 2016). Primarily, people exert less effort in groups as they feel less accountable when they know other members will compensate by exerting additional effort on their behalf (Harkins and Szymanski, 1989). Ezzamel and Wilmott (1998) observed workplace social loafing in a company they dubbed StichCo. When teams were introduced to StitchCo, the younger and more inexperienced workers with no responsibilities were less pressured to increase their wages through bonuses. They were seen to reap the advantages of a shared team bonus, working below the minimum level of efficiency while older workers overcompensated for their lack of efforts. This created resentment and conflict among those workers who were working harder. Although challenges occur when implementing team roles as discussed earlier, one way of countering social loafing is by ensuring that team members have clear responsibilities and accountability. Theoretically, one would assume that social loafing would be much less likely to exist in work teams because team pressures can be a powerful source of conformance. Sewell (1998) pointed out that non-performing team members may be pressured to perform or leave through immense social pressures. Hence in some ways, conformance and cohesion can cancel out social loafing. Groupthink Nevertheless, cohesion in groups are not always beneficial to organizations as it may cause another problem: Groupthink. Janis (1982) coined the term Groupthink when he studied historical situations where teams with prestigious and well-educated members make disastrous decisions, such as the Bay of Pigs incident. One key characteristic of Groupthink is when members choose to stand by decisions that the group has committed itself to, despite evidence that these decisions are bad or disturbing the conscience of its members. Janis argued that the more cohesive the group, the more likely it is for each member to avoid creating disunity. It is not so much that the members are afraid of revealing their objections, but that they will readily accept the majority decision without scrutinizing its pros and cons. Groupthink also brings about risk shift, an illusion of invulnerability and enthusiasm for a decision that polarizes the group towards higher risk. For example, in May 2015, six banks were fined a total of $5.7 billion for manipulating foreign exchange markets. The traders appeared to reinforce each others belief that they were not going to be arrested, allowing them to knowingly break the law (King and Lawley, 2016). The concept of groupthink therefore undermines one of the main argued benefits of teams: workers sharing multiple perspectives to examine potential risks and to better solve problems. However, Janis argued that this does not mean all cohesive groups suffer from groupthink and that mild Groupthink may not necessarily influence the quality of a groups decision. Furthermore, there are ways to avoid Groupthink: the team might encourage people to voice their opinions by establishing that any critique of the teams decision is encouraged or some members may be assigned to analyze all decisions in a critical way. Alternatively, the organization may set up several independent groups working on the same problem and compare the decisions reached. Section 3: Questioning the assumptions of this essay Groups vs Teams We will now discuss if it is possible for teams to be the silver bullet when they are defined correctly or implemented in the right settings. One of the main assumptions of this essay is that groups and teams are the same. However, Katzenbach and Smith (1993b) argued that while many workplaces claimed to use teams, in practice, teams are uncommon as most workers are in what they called working groups. Working group members mostly work independently and focus on individual performance whereas high performance team members focus everything on the team. Since team members rely on each other and focus on team outcome rather than individual needs, they can exploit each others strengths to better tackle challenges. So perhaps, the failure of teams found by researchers such as Hackman (1998) were due to people using the term team too loosely in the workplace, when they were in fact, the failure of working groups. Katzenbach and Smith (1993b) argued that it is important to distinct working groups and teams so that managers can make better decisions about whether, when, or how to encourage and use teams. By properly defining teams, we can learn when they should be seen as a solution to organizational problems. Size of teams and organizational context This essay also used Allen and Hechts definition of a team: two or more people working interdependently towards achieving a common goal (2004). This definition is quite vague, when in workplaces, the size of a team is very important and should be defined according to the task. For example, larger teams may be inefficient for routine tasks due to overcrowding, but they are good for complex tasks as smaller teams will not have enough resources or abilities (Clegg at al., 2016). Nevertheless, Laughlin (2011) found that high ability individuals can outperform groups composed of two, three, four or five low ability members. So while team size definitely has an effect on team performance, more research needs to be done to fully understand how different factors mediate the effect of team size on effectiveness. This brings us to the next assumption of this essay: groups and teams are not the silver bullet for all organizations. However, teams can be very effective if they are used in the suitable organizational context. Wright Cordery (1999) proposed conditions for teams to succeed and fail in outperforming other organizational frameworks and there is evidence that system-wide changes are better at solving organizational problems than individual changes (Bacon Blyton, 2000). Thus, it is critical to recognize that effective problem-solving does not magically occur simply by introducing teams; time, high-level resources, and revamped support structures need to be in place to create a high performance team-based organization. Only then, perhaps teams can be perceived as a silver bullet to organizational problems, although creating the perfect setting for every task would be nearly impossible. Conclusion In a nutshell, this essay argued that teams are not the panacea by examining opposing views and limitations of popular theories such as STS, Belbins team roles, and Katzenbach and Smiths Wisdom of teams. It also discussed additional problems that may arise and questioned the assumptions of this essay to demonstrate the pros and cons of teams in different situations. Due to the word limit, this essay did not discuss all the challenges which would prevent teams from working effectively (e.g. resistance to teams, leadership of teams). Nevertheless, the original essay question remains important as teams can be effective or destructive depending on how and where they are implemented, so they should not be used sweepingly across organizations. Instead, future research on teams should be done in various industrial settings to properly define teams and to examine other factors which would affect their effectiveness in problem-solving. References Allen, N.J. and Hecht, T.D., 2004. The romance of teams: Toward an understanding of its psychological underpinnings and implications. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(4), pp.439-461. Bacon, N. and Blyton, P., 2000. High road and low road teamworking: Perceptions of management rationales and organizational and human resource outcomes. Human relations, 53(11), pp.1425-1458. Bagozzi, R.P., 1980. Performance and satisfaction in an industrial sales force: An examination of their antecedents and simultaneity. The Journal of Marketing, pp.65-77. Barker, J.R., 1993. Tightening the iron cage: Concertive control in self-managing teams. Administrative science quarterly, pp.408-437. Belbin, R.M., 1993. Team roles at work. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann Belbin UK, 2014. How toà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Use Belbin to Increase Employee Engagement. [pdf] Cambridge: Belbin. Available at: http://www.belbin.com/media/1173/belbin-howtousebelbintoincreaseemployeeengagement-oct2014.pdf> [Accessed 23 December 2016] Clegg, S., Kornberger, M. Pitsis, T., 2016. Managing Organizations. Fourth edition. London: SAGE Publications Ltd. Cohen, S.G., Ledford, G.E. and Spreitzer, G.M., 1996. A predictive model of self-managing work team effectiveness. Human relations, 49(5), pp.643-676. Dunphy, D. and Bryant, B., 1996. Teams: panaceas or prescriptions for improved performance?. Human relations, 49(5), pp.677-699. Emery, F.E. and Trist, E.L.,1960. Socio-technical Systems. In C.W. Churchman M. Verhurst (Eds), Management Science, Models and Techniques, Vol. 2, pp.83-97. London: Pergamon Press. Ezzamel, M. and Willmott, H., 1998. Accounting for teamwork: A critical study of group-based systems of organizational control. Administrative Science Quarterly, pp.358-396. Fisher, S.G., Macrosson, W.D.K. and Sharp, G., 1996. Further evidence concerning the Belbin team role self-perception inventory. Personnel review, 25(2), pp.61-67. Hackman, J.R. and Tindale, R.S., 1998. Why teams dont work. Theory and research on small groups. New York: Plenum Press Harkins, S.G. and Szymanski, K., 1989. Social loafing and group evaluation. Journal of personality and social psychology, 56(6), pp.934-941. Janis, I.L., 1982. Groupthink: Psychological studies of policy decisions and fiascoes (Vol. 349). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Katzenbach, J.R. and Smith, D.K., 1993a. The wisdom of teams: Creating the high-performance organization. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. Katzenbach, J.R. and Smith, D.K., 1993b. The discipline of teams. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Press. Kersley, B., Alpin, C., Forth, J., Bryson, A., Bewley, H., Dix, G. and Oxenbridge, S., 2013. Inside the workplace: findings from the 2004 Workplace Employment Relations Survey. Routledge. King, D. and Lawley, S., 2016. Organizational behaviour. Second edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Laughlin, P.R., 2011. Group problem solving. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Metcalf, B. and Linstead, A., 2003. Gendering Teamwork: Reà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Writing the Feminine. Gender, Work Organization, 10(1), pp.94-119. Murakami, T., 1997. The autonomy of teams in the car industry a cross national comparison. Work, Employment Society, 11(4), pp.749-758. Naquin, C.E. and Tynan, R.O., 2003. The team halo effect: why teams are not blamed for their failures. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(2), pp.332-340. Rothschild, J. and Whitt, J.A., 1989. The cooperative workplace: Potentials and dilemmas of organisational democracy and participation. CUP Archive. Sewell, G., 1998. The discipline of teams: The control of team-based industrial work through electronic and peer surveillance. Administrative science quarterly, pp.397-428. Sewell, G., 2001. What Goes Around, Comes Around Inventing a Mythology of Teamwork and Empowerment. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 37(1), pp.70-89. Sinclair, A., 1992. The tyranny of a team ideology. Organization studies, 13(4), pp.611-626. Slaughter, J.E. and Zickar, M.J., 2006. A new look at the role of insiders in the newcomer socialization process. Group Organization Management, 31(2), pp.264-290. Storey, J.W. (2007) Human resources management: A critical text. Third edition. London: Cengage Delmar Learning. Wilson, F.M., 2013. Organizational behaviour and work: a critical introduction. Fourth edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Wright, B.M. and Cordery, J.L., 1999. Production uncertainty as a contextual moderator of employee reactions to job design. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(3), pp.456-463.

Identifying and Conquering Bulimia Essay -- Health, Eating Disorders

Before 1995, the island of Fiji had no reported cases of eating disorders. In three years of obtaining American and British television programming, more than two-thirds of the Fijian girls developed eating disorders and three quarters of the girls felt fat (Hall 1-2). Girls and guys are feeling more insecure about their bodies and are trying to cope with smothering feelings that come with being insecure. Some people aren’t well-educated on this topic, and because of that, they don’t see its seriousness. One example, bulimia, has been around for thirty years, and people are still not very familiar with the harm it can do physically and emotionally. Bulimia is when people choose to vomit their food up because they’re unsatisfied with their body. Bulimia nervosa can destroy not only a person's life but others around him/her, and it can be stopped with support and counseling. Bulimia exists for numerous reasons. It is normal for a person’s body to get bigger when it is growing. Most people handle that badly though, so they will do anything to get rid of that newly added weight. A handful of young people use bulimia to postpone growing up. This way of thinking may explain why college students are prime candidates for becoming bulimic (Hall 1-2). It is a way of expressing thoughts that cannot be put into words. It provides instant relief from the pain being caused from life. The throwing up replaces other actions, thoughts, and feelings. When the binge/purge episode is over, the bulimic gains control, but only for a moment. A sense of calm is felt. Nevertheless, the negative feelings soon return, and the cycle begins again. Another reason bulimia occurs is because of life changes or stressful events. If a close friend or family mem... ...d life. It takes time to work, but knowing that it’s going to work can make a bulimic person feel like he/she is taking the necessary action to get better. Bulimia is a serious eating disorder that needs to be addressed. It affects not only the bulimic, but also the bulimics friends and family. There are many solutions to this problem, but they go unnoticed because people chose to ignore bulimia and its seriousness. We need to spread the word. We need to make people aware of things they choose to ignore just because it isn’t affecting them. We need to make resources such as books, movies, and Prozac more accessible. A person with bulimia should not be scared or embarrassed to reach out to a friend or family member. He/she would want to help in any way they can. No one wants to sit back and watch a loved one suffer, especially if something can be done about it.

Into the Wild Trans Essay

Transcendentalism is a long word to describe very free-minded people. Throughout the novel â€Å"Into the Wild† Chris McCandless, the main character, ventures off into the wild to experience nature at a personal level. Chris comes from a household in which personal relationships, between him and his parents, were not present. While living in this environment, Chris never really felt as if he belonged. It did not take too long before Chris had packed up his bags with nothing but a rifle, rice, and a roadmap and was off into the wilderness. The actions and thoughts in which Chris had experienced resembled those of a transcendentalist thinker. The most distinct three transcendentalists in whom he coincided with include: Whitman, Thoreau, and Emerson. During Chris’s journey, he spent the fair majority of his time camping out or exploring what nature had to offer him. Miles and miles from home, Chris had started to feel a little sense of relief. Whitman was a strong believer in the idea of separation of oneself from everything in order to feel relieved and free to learn and understand who they truly are. This technique helps one to truly get to know themselves and the person that they actually are, not who they are when they are living under the standards of society. Once Chris had reached a resting place far enough away from home the author described his state as follows, â€Å"He was unheeded, happy, and near to the wild heart of life. He was alone and young and willful and wildhearted, alone amid a waste of wild air and brackish waters and the seaharvest of shells and tangled and veiled grey sunlight† (31). This helps to reveal that as Chris got farther and farther into the wilderness and away from society he was overjoyed and all wrapped up in nature and what it has to offer. Whitman himself also spent a sufficient amount of time amongst nature. His spot was in a dark and somber swamp, a place in which people do not usually live. During his time there, he studied nature, plants and animals all in which helped his to â€Å"unravel† himself. Likewise, Chris came to some personal realizations in which he didn’t know before. â€Å"I prefer the saddle to the streetcar and the star-spangled sky to a roof, the obscure and difficult trail, leading into the unknown, to any paved highway, and the deep peace of the wild to the discontent bred by cities†(87). This statement was made by Chris, when he finally departed from the city and into the free land. If he had not left he would have continued to belief that he liked what he was experiencing in society. When people do not know any other way of living, they truly do not know what else is out there. During ones childhood they are placed under the standards of society and do not know any better, this was Chris’s way of breaking free. Chris experienced himself through studying and living amongst nature, just as Whitman did. On this expedition, not only did Chris connect with nature, but he also found that inner connection with himself. Thoreau theorized that if man was to become unconcerned with his outward person and only follow and live by the needs and desires of ones self they would thrive and live in a natural state. He advocated that alone in the woods one is stripped of their expression, because there is no one to express ideas and thought to except oneself. If there is no one or no society to force fake expression what is found is the real and true self and identity. Chris had escaped from the society standards and was finally left to be on his own. After recognizing this he suggests that, â€Å"As if all your life you had been led by the hand like a small child and suddenly you were on your own, you have to learn to walk by yourself. There was no one around, neither your family nor people whose judgment you respected†(103). No longer did Chris have to follow traditions, customs, or rules. Once Chris had abandoned society, he had left certain regulations and standards, leaving him to be himself. Chris was almost starting on a fresh slate and striving to find his own identity. This coincides with Thoreau’s belief that by living alone in the woods, one could achieve a state of tranquility and through experience he could come to a better understanding of life and the â€Å"self†. By testing and experiencing new ideas, in the eyes of Thoreau, one was truly â€Å"living the life†. Throughout Chris’s adventure, there were numerous times where he would stop and reflect on another part of himself in which he had just recognized and discovered. Later on in the novel Chris blissfully exclaims, â€Å"The beauty of this country is becoming part of me. I feel more detached from life and somewhat gentler (†¦) I have always been unsatisfied with life as most people live it. Always I want to live more intensely and richly† (91). As stated before, Chris had always felt as though he was and had to live up to a certain standard and it was really starting to debilitate him. As soon as Chris started to think for himself and make his own decisions, which is necessary to survive in the wild, he realized his own ideals and the way in which he wanted to live his life. Just as Thoreau theorized, Chris would not have not had the ability to â€Å"live the life† if he hadn’t had gone out and tested/experienced new ideas. Courage and self-trust really motivated Chris to keep going and to not give up hope. Emerson was a strong supporter of the phrase â€Å"trust thyself†. He believed that every individual possesses a unique identity that can only be revealed when the individual has the courage to trust his or her own thoughts, attitudes, and inclinations even when the public may not approve. During Chris’s trip he never really knew what to expect when he departed and as he continued on. â€Å"Setting out in small, open boats, built from cowhide stretched over light wicker frames, they crossed one of the most treacherous stretches of ocean in the world without knowing what, if anything, they’d find on the other side† (97). Just as all the other people to go out and take on this same challenge, courage and trust from within was what kept them going. If Chris had not have believed in himself that he could go out and survive on this journey he may not even have made it out the door. Emerson had a strong opinion that each individual must develop a personal understanding of the universe. Chris really reflected this opinion in his desire to go out and experience the world on a more personal level. Emerson writes in â€Å"Prospects†, â€Å"The reason why the world lacks unity, and lies broken in heaps, is because man is disunited with himself. † Emerson believes that in order for a strong society to develop each individual needs to have a strong sense of who they are. This was one of the main reasons why Chris went on this trip, to figure out who he truly was. Throughout the novel, Chris McCandless resembles all three of these transcendentalist thinkers. Whether it was through his actions or thoughts, Chris exemplifies many ideals and beliefs of these men. If it was not for Chris’s free mind and free spirit he may not have ever thought to encounter such a journey. Although the journey did not turn out well in the end, Chris learned bountiful lessons that benefitted him as an individual.