Hamlet Summary, Act-by-Act

William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet takes place in Elsinore, Denmark after the death of King Hamlet. The tragedy tells the story of Prince Hamlets moral struggle after his father’s ghost tells him that Claudius, Prince Hamlets uncle, murdered the king. Act I The play begins on a cold night with the changing of the guard. King Hamlet has died, and his brother Claudius has taken the throne. However, for the past two nights, the guards (Francisco and Bernardo) have seen a restless ghost resembling the old king wandering the castle grounds. They inform Hamlet’s friend Horatio of what theyve seen. The next morning, the wedding of Claudius and Gertrude, the wife of the late king, takes place. When the room clears, Hamlet soliloquizes on his disgust at their union, which he views as a betrayal of his father at best and, at worst, incest. Horatio and the guards enter and tell Hamlet to meet the ghost that night. Meanwhile, Laertes, the son of the kings advisor Polonius, is getting ready for school. He says goodbye to his sister Ophelia, who is romantically interested in Hamlet. Polonius enters and lectures Laertes extensively on how to behave at school. Both father and son then warn Ophelia about Hamlet; in response, Ophelia promises to no longer see him. That night, Hamlet meets the ghost, who claims to be the ghost of the king—Hamlets father. The ghost says that he was murdered by Claudius, that Claudius put poison in his ear while he slept, and that Gertrude slept with Claudius even before his death. The ghost orders Hamlet to avenge the murder, but not to punish his mother. Hamlet agrees. Later, he informs Horatio and Marcellus, one of the guards, that he will pretend to be mad until he can get his revenge. Act II Polonius sends a spy, Reynaldo, to France to keep an eye on Laertes. Ophelia enters and tells Polonius that Hamlet entered her room in a mad state, grabbing her wrists and staring wildly into her eyes. She also adds that she has cut off all contact with Hamlet. Polonius, certain that Hamlet is madly in love with Ophelia and that it was Ophelias rejection that put him in this state, decides to meet the king to concoct a plan to spy on Hamlet in conversation with Ophelia. Meanwhile, Gertrude has asked Hamlet’s school friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to try to figure out the cause of his madness. Hamlet is suspicious of them, and he evades their questions. Soon, a theatre troupe arrives, and Hamlet requests that the following night they perform a certain play, The Murder of Gonzago, with a few passages inserted written by Hamlet. Alone on stage, Hamlet voices his frustration about his own indecisiveness. He decides he must figure out if the ghost is truly his father or if it is a specter leading him to sin without reason. Because the play depicts of a king who kills his brother and marries his sister-in-law, Hamlet believes that the performance scheduled for the next night will make Claudius show his guilt. Act III Polonius and Claudius spy on Hamlet and Ophelia as she returns the gifts he gave her. They become confused when Hamlet spurns her, telling her to go to a nunnery. Claudius concludes that the cause of Hamlets madness is not his love for Ophelia, and decides that he should send Hamlet away to England, unless Gertrude can figure out the true cause. During the performance of The Murder of Gonzago, Claudius stops the action just after the scene in which poison is poured into the kings ear. Hamlet tells Horatio he is now certain that Claudius murdered his father. In the next scene, Claudius attempts to pray in church, but his guilt prevents him from doing so. Hamlet enters and readies himself to kill Claudius, but stops when he realizes that Claudius might go to heaven if he is killed while praying. Gertrude and Hamlet have a bitter fight in her bedchamber. When Hamlet hears a noise behind the tapestry, he stabs the intruder: it is Polonius, who dies. The ghost appears again, rebuking Hamlet for his harsh words against his mother. Gertrude, who cannot see the ghost, becomes certain that Hamlet is mad. Hamlet drags Polonius’s body offstage. Act IV Hamlet jokes with Claudius about killing Polonius; Claudius, fearing for his own life, orders Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to bring Hamlet to England. Claudius has prepared letters telling the English king to kill Hamlet when he arrives. Gertrude is told that Ophelia has gone mad with the news of her father’s death. Ophelia enters, sings a number of strange songs, and speaks of her father’s death, insinuating that her brother Laertes will get revenge. Soon, Laertes enters and demands Polonius. When Claudius tells Laertes that Polonius he is dead, Ophelia enters with a bundle of flowers, each one symbolic. Laertes, upset by his sister’s state, promises to listen to Claudius’s explanation. A messenger approaches Horatio with a letter from Hamlet. The letter explains that Hamlet snuck onto a pirate vessel that attacked them; after they parted, the pirates mercifully agreed to take him back to Denmark in return for some favors. Meanwhile, Claudius has convinced Laertes to join him against Hamlet. A messenger arrives with a letter for Claudius from Hamlet, announcing his return. Quickly, Claudius and Laertes plot how to kill Hamlet without upsetting Gertrude or the people of Denmark, with whom Hamlet is popular. The two men agree to arrange a duel. Laertes acquires a poison blade, and Claudius plans to give Hamlet a poisoned goblet. Gertrude then enters with news that Ophelia has drowned, reigniting Laertes’s anger. Act V While digging Ophelia’s grave, two gravediggers discuss her apparent suicide. Hamlet and Horatio enter, and a gravedigger introduces him to a skull: Yorick, the old king’s jester whom Hamlet loved. Hamlet considers the nature of death. The funeral procession interrupts Hamlet; Claudius, Gertrude, and Laertes are among the entourage. Laertes jumps into his sister’s grave and demands to be buried alive. Hamlet reveals himself and brawls with Laertes, exclaiming that he loved Ophelia more than forty thousand brothers could. After Hamlet’s exit, Claudius reminds Laertes of their plan to kill Hamlet. Hamlet explains to Horatio that he read Rosencrantz and Guildenstern’s letters, rewrote one demanding the beheading of his former friends, and swapped the letters before escaping on the pirate ship. Osric, a courtier, interrupts with news of Laertes’s duel. At the court, Laertes takes up the poisoned blade. After the first point, Hamlet refuses the poisoned drink from Claudius, from which Gertrude then takes a sip. While Hamlet is unguarded, Laertes wounds him; they grapple and Hamlet wounds Laertes with his own poisoned blade. Just then, Gertrude collapses, exclaiming she has been poisoned. Laertes confesses the plan he shared with Claudius, and Hamlet wounds Claudius with the poisoned blade, killing him. Laertes asks for Hamlet’s forgiveness, and dies. Hamlet asks Horatio to explain his story and declares Fortinbras the next king of Denmark, then dies. Fortinbras enters, and Horatio promises to tell the story of Hamlet. Fortinbras agrees to hear it, declaring that Hamlet will be buried as a soldier.

Betty Friedans The Feminine Mystique Essay - 1284 Words

Betty Friedans The Feminine Mystique The Feminine Mystique is the title of a book written by the late Betty Friedan who also founded The National Organization for Women (NOW) to help US women gain equal rights. She describes the feminine mystique as the heightened awareness of the expectations of women and how each woman has to fit a certain role as a little girl, an uneducated and unemployed teenager, and finally as a wife and mother who is happy to clean the house and cook things all day. After World War II, a lot of womens organizations began to appear with the goal of bringing the issues of equal rights into the limelight. The stereotype even came down to the color of a womans hair. Many women wished that they†¦show more content†¦An enormous problem for women was the psychological stress of dealing with this role that was presented to them. The happily married, perpetually baking, eternally mopping, Donna Reed that lived in every house on the block with her hard working husband and her twelve children that existed in the media made women feel that there was something wrong with them if they didnt enjoy their housewife lifestyle. And it was not easy for women to deal with this problem. As Betty Friedan writes in The Feminine Mystique, For over fifteen years women in America found it harder to talk about this problem than about sex. (Kerber/DeHart 515). Many psychiatrists were baffled and the problem was often ignored with no known solution because everyone found it to not make any sense. Women of low economic status also struggled a great deal because they had to deal with the problems associated with a single income household which could become very frustrating when she has every reason to get a job, but cannot. It is also harder to raise children with a low income and provide for the family as she was expected to. It is interesting to apply the notion of the feminine mystique to modern culture and see that it often still exists. Though there are many women who are getting jobs, there are still a lot of families that fit the mold of the traditional family with the breadwinner andShow MoreRelated Betty Friedans The Feminine Mystique and Sue Kaufmans Diary of a Mad Housewife3507 Words   |  15 PagesBetty Friedans The Feminine Mystique and Sue Kaufmans Diary of a Mad Housewife Bettina Balser, the narrator of Sue Kaufman’s Diary of a Mad Housewife, is an attractive, intelligent woman living in an affluent community of New York City with her successful husband and her two charming children. She is also on the verge of insanity. 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The Fall House Of Usher And The Lottery By Shirley Jackson

In most stories, the setting creates a backdrop for events to come, sometimes the setting dictates the theme as well as behavior of some of the characters. Between Edger Allan Poe’s The Fall House of Usher and Shirley Jackson’s The lottery, both writers were meticulously keen on using setting as a driving force behind the narrative and also set the tone for the theme. Whilst both stories ended with tragedy of the protagonist, both writers chose different moods to ease the reader into the atmosphere of the stories. In Poe’s The Fall of the House of Usher, Poe in his usual writing style did not beat about the bush before shoving the reader right into a world of horror with the first sentence of the story by describing the day as â€Å"dull,†¦show more content†¦From the narrators’ perspective, The House of Usher was â€Å"mansion of gloom† (Poe 4) that entrapped its occupants and in an â€Å"atmosphere peculiar to themselves and their immed iate vicinity—an atmosphere which had no affinity with the air of heaven† (Poe 6). There is no guessing as to what mood both Roderick and the narrator were in, granted the House of Usher only exhumed an aura of doom and gloom. The Fear in the heart Roderick along with his madness left nothing to the reader’s imagination. Similarly, but on a subtler level, the village folks on the day of the Lottery were filled with a feeling of uncertainty, even among the children who were freshly out of school for the summer season succumb to the fear of events to follow as â€Å"feeling of liberty sat uneasily on most of them† (Jackson 1). In both stories, we find characters in an environment they would rather not be in, but certain circumstances prevent them from leaving at will, clearly conflicted. The battle can be even more difficult when external forces such as your town or your home works against you. In The Fall House of Usher, the Usher mansion served as a major conflict for both the narrator and Roderick. In the narrator’s case, he could have made the decision not to deal with the mysterious even that were taking place at the Usher mansion, but he chose to stay and serve as a companion to his boyhood friend who was in dire need of a friend; to an extent, the narrator was dealingShow MoreRelatedComparing The Lottery and Fall of the House of Usher1119 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature Poe Jackson There are a number of literary elements that successful authors creatively and effectively combine so as to demonstrate their style, technique, and knowledge of writing fundamentals. In the short stories, The Lottery and The Fall of the House of Usher written by Jackson and Poe respectively, the authors depend heavily upon the settings within each story to enhance or explore elements such as mood, atmosphere, conflict, and theme. Jacksons The Lottery takes place inRead MorePsychological Horror : The Mind As The Monster Of The Story1500 Words   |  6 Pagesimagining his escape. Plot twists like this is a very common literature device used in psychological horror. Psychological horror can take the form of a novel such as The Shining by Stephen King or also in short story as is â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson. It is a very popular genre that has translated with astonishing success in films. Psychological horrors are written in a variety of characteristics that helps the reader understand what the protagonist is going through. The main componentRead MoreHistory of the Development of the Short Story.3660 Words   |  15 Pagespost-war era The period following World War II saw a great flowering of literary short fiction in the United States. The New Yorker continued to publish the works of the form’s leading mid-century practitioners, including Shirley Jackson, whose story, â€Å"The Lottery,† published in 1948, elicited the strongest response in the magazine’s history to that time. Other frequent contributors during the last 1940s included John Cheever, John Steinbeck, Jean Stafford and Eudora Welty. J. D. Salingers

Corporate Governance & Economic Theory-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the four models (a) Anglo-Saxon- Based largely on British law covers U.S. and UK (b) Germanic-the social welfare approach based originally on laws adopted by the Kingdom of Prussia, extended to the newly united Germany, (c) Consultative Model-limits employee and union rights to consultation by board and management on a long list of decision making. (d) Hybrid models- Japan is key example. Answer: Anglo Saxon Law Anglo Saxon law was written in the colloquial speech and the law was completely free form the Roman influence. There are certain permissible principles prevailed in England from the 6th century since the Norman invasion had happened. The Anglo-Saxon law was made up of three workings: the laws and collections accumulation by the king, the trustworthy behavior of convention such as those established in the Norman-instituted books and confidentialcompilationsof officially permitted policy and enactments. It was relatively based on the criminal law cases rather than a legal endorsement (Loyn 2014). Anglo- Saxon law prevails as the opposite of Folk right as the expression has formulated for the judicial consciousness of people and for their existence in the nation. On the other hand outlaw systems, corporate punishment and the corporal discrepancy was the premier function of the method. The penal system of law relating cases and the regarding argument was the composed ratification of imp osing the law over the nations. German Social welfare approach The political conflict in Germany during the half century between 1815 and 1866 was then subjected to consider the intellectual controversies for the government and administration of Germany. The first concern, possibly the most imperative, was the technique in which Central Europe should be prearranged and the Confederation of states are relatively was not in between the German states. The second concern was the responsibility of popular involvement in the government of the diverse German states and any probable liabilities of united German nation-state. This encouraged the third concern of the liberation of Jews (Coady and Lehmann 2016). Laws are always engaged by the nature of government and the citizenship is being progressed by the application of the law. Thus German confederation has lasted for fifty-one years and through the time period, they have implemented some nationalist idea that provides independent decision-making situation from the government. Consultative model limits Consultative model is based on the organization development and provides the approach f for the organizational changes. Adapting business strategies and the degree of ownership is the basic criteria of the model and the approach of effective management with current internal and external environmental change for the organization is dependent on that model. So it is basically a exert mode that can be handled by the simple description of two consultative model. For the transitional change in the organization and the strategic direction, making is the business goal for the performance business results. In the European Nation collective labor law has covered by the constructive model limit where the bargaining collective processes for the labors are the ethical issue of the action taking (Truex 2017). Individual employment law and the law concerning employee bodies have taken the initiation for the implementation of the law in the developed sector of the bargaining agreement. Hybrid model of Japan Japan is the most advanced automobile industry and the incorporation of advanced technologies and the launched of different vehicles has portrayed their technological power in the field of technological invasion. The Japanese automobiles are the best productive orientation that World has, thus Japanese car modeling and the Hybrid electric vehicles are designed by from the Japanese industries. They have a high amount of variable transmission and the decent types of equipment that offers the best quality of navigation and civic quality in the designed car (Su, Tzeng and Hu 2016). The best admiration of the modeling of technological aspect in Japan and the innovative feature of Japan create a sustainable hybrid situation for the technological company. Therefore the hybrid mix of Japanese systems and the innovative technological innovation has prompted the nation as the best in technology in the whole World. References Coady, N. and Lehmann, P. eds., 2016.Theoretical perspectives for direct social work practice: A generalist-eclectic approach. Springer Publishing Company. Loyn, H.R., 2014.Anglo Saxon England and the Norman Conquest. Routledge. Su, C.H., Tzeng, G.H. and Hu, S.K., 2016. Cloud e-learning service strategies for improving e-learning innovation performance in a fuzzy environment by using a new hybrid fuzzy multiple attribute decision-making model.Interactive Learning Environments,24(8), pp.1812-1835. Truex, R., 2017. Consultative authoritarianism and its limits.Comparative political studies,50(3), pp.329-361.

The Northern Renaissance as Expressed On Canvas free essay sample

This paper discusses the rich art history that stemmed from the artistic renaissance in northern European countries. This paper takes a look at the notable masterpieces of the artistic Renaissance in Northern Europe. The author pays close attention to the new styles of the times, the use of oils, light and shadow, and how expressing inner emotions became more prevalent than outer appearances on the canvas. The author looks in particular at the portraits The Arnolfini Portrait by Jan van Eyck, and The Ambassadors by Holbein the Younger. While the Southern renaissance is better known, the countries of the north Germany, The Netherlands, France, and England? also enjoyed a rich artistic renaissance, though slightly delayed. Historians dispute reasons as to why this so. Some argue that for reasons such as the bubonic plague and economic depression, it took the Northern countries a longer time to emerge from the dark ages. Another argument is that Northern artists were simply more reluctant to switch from the Gothic style they used in the past. We will write a custom essay sample on The Northern Renaissance as Expressed On Canvas or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In any case, European patrons and artists prized their work and they were praised for their talents in working with oils and their mastery of detail. Northern art managed to progress at a surprising pace despite its delays. The two paintings used as references in this portfolio, The Arnolfini Portrait by Jan van Eyck and The Ambassadors by Hans Holbein the Younger, stand as examples of this. With only 100 years difference between them, it is important to examine what accounts for the changes by comparing the paintings in areas of characterization, chiaroscuro, medium, and artistic symbolism. In this way, the differences between Early and Late Northern renaissance art can be clearly defined.

Analysis and Summary of essays

Analysis and Summary of essays The First of the trilogy, The Lord of the Rings, the Fellowship of the Ring introduces the reader once again to the world of Middle Earth and all of the magical characters which the writer, J.R.R. Tolkien created. Bilbo Baggins returns, celebrating his 111th birthday, along with Grandalf and the various species of hobbits, elves and other magical creatures. The reader is introduced to Frodo Baggins, Bilbos nephew and heir to Bilbos fortune, and his various friends and counterparts. And again, at the center of the entire fiasco, is the Ring, the symbol of power and control, the one ring to rule all. As in all trilogies, the first edition is marked with the beginning of the story, the introduction of the characters, the building of the plot, and the overall dynamics and underlining of the tale. In this story, the reader is exposed to the moral development of the main character, Frodo Baggins. In much the same way as the human race faces moral corruption and destruction on a dail y basis, the Fellowship of the Ring introduces the Reader to one hobbits personal struggle with overcoming temptation and weakness. The story presented in this book serves the purpose of teacher the reader something about him or herself, or humanity as a whole. By exploring the development of the character of Frodo, as well as dissecting the decisions and difficult situations which Frodo encounters, and finally observing the overall indication of morality on life, it is possible to identify how Tolkien not only entertains through the first of his trilogy, but also enters in important ideas on existance as an entirety. Tolkien created hobbits to be half the size of normal humans. He also created them with half the moral corruption, and twice the heart. A hobbit is a peaceful creature, content with normality and sameness. The typical hobbit never travels far from home, and enjoys repeating most activities every day, through the s...

Profile of Elizabeth Smarts Kidnapper, Brian David Mitchell

Profile of Elizabeth Smart's Kidnapper, Brian David Mitchell Brian David Mitchell is the self-proclaimed angel from heaven who said he was sent to Earth to serve the destitute and correct the Mormon Church by restoring its fundamental values. He is also the man who, along with his wife, Wanda Barzee, was found guilty of kidnapping 14-year-old Elizabeth Smart in 2002 and holding her captive for nine months. Mitchells Childhood Brian was born Oct. 18, 1953, in Salt Lake City, Utah. He was the third of six children born at home to Mormon parents, Irene and Shirl Mitchell. Irene, a schoolteacher, and Shirl, a social worker, were vegetarians and raised their children on a diet of whole wheat bread and steamed vegetables. The family was described by neighbors as odd but decent. Brian seemed like a normal child, involved in the Cub Scouts and Little League. Irene was a caring mother, but Shirl had a questionable perspective on healthy child rearing. When Brian was 8, Shirl attempted to teach him about sex by showing him sexually explicit pictures in a medical journal. Other sexually oriented books were brought into the home and left within reach of the latchkey kid. Shirl once attempted to teach his son a life lesson by dropping off the 12-year-old in an unfamiliar area of town, instructing him to find his way home. As Brian got older, he became more argumentative with his parents and retreated into a world of isolation. Around age 16, Brian was found guilty of exposing himself to a child and sent to a juvenile delinquents hall. The stigma of his crime alienated Brian among his peers. Arguments between Brian and his mother were constant. The decision was made to send Brian to live with his grandmother. Soon after the move, Brian dropped out of school and began using drugs and alcohol. He left Utah at 19 and married 16-year-old Karen Minor after she discovered she was pregnant. They had two children in the two years they stayed together. Their stormy relationship ended, and Mitchell gained custody of the children because of Karens alleged infidelities and drug abuse. Karen remarried and regained custody, but Mitchell took the children to New Hampshire to prevent them from returning to their mother. In 1980, Mitchells life changed after his brother returned from a religious mission and the two talked. Brian discontinued his drug and alcohol use and became active in the Church of Latter-day Saints. By 1981, he was married to his second wife, Debbie Mitchell, who had three daughters from a previous marriage. In addition to Debbies three children and Brians two, the Mitchells had two more children soon after their marriage. Mitchells Abuse in His Second Marriage The marriage soon showed signs of strain. Mitchells two children were sent to foster homes. Debbie claimed that Mitchell turned from gentle to controlling and abusive, dictating what she could wear and eat and trying to frighten her. His interest in Satan disturbed her, although Mitchell claimed he was learning about his enemy. Mitchell filed for divorce in 1984, claiming that Debbie was violent and cruel to his children and was turning them against him. A year after their separation, Debbie called authorities to report her fear that Mitchell had sexually abused their 3-year-old son. A caseworker for the Division of Child and Family Services couldnt link Mitchell to sexual abuse but recommended that his future visits with the boy be supervised. Within the year, Debbies daughter accused Mitchell of having sexually abused her for four years. Debbie reported the abuse to LDS leaders  but was advised to drop it. Mitchell and Third Wife Wanda Barzee On the day that Mitchell and Debbie divorced, Mitchell married Wanda Barzee, a 40-year-old divorcee with six children whom she had left with her ex-husband when she moved out. Barzees family accepted Mitchell, although they found him to be strange. Some of Barzees children moved in with them but found the home to be increasingly odd and threatening because of Mitchells eccentric behavior. Outsiders viewed the couple as normal, hard-working Mormons. Mitchell worked as a die cutter and was active with the LDS church, but close family and friends were aware of his tendency toward rage, often unleashed on Barzee. He was becoming increasingly extreme in his religious views and his interaction with fellow LDS members. His portrayal of Satan during temple rituals had become too extreme; he was asked by the elders to tone it down. One night the Mitchells woke one of Barzees sons and told him they had just spoken to angels. The Mitchell home soon changed so drastically that Barzees children, unable to take the constant proselytizing, moved away. By the 1990s, Mitchell had changed his name to Emmanuel, discontinued his association with the church, and presented himself as a prophet of God whose beliefs were etched by his prophetic visions. When the couple returned to Salt Lake City, Mitchell had taken on a Jesus-like look with a long beard and white robe. Barzee, now calling herself God Adorneth, stayed by his side like a doting disciple, and the two were fixtures along downtown streets. Relatives of the couple had little to do with them, and old friends who happened upon them were treated as strangers. Corbis via Getty Images / Getty Images Elizabeth Smart Is Kidnapped Early on June 5, 2002,  Mitchell  kidnapped 14-year-old Elizabeth from her bedroom. Her 9-year-old sister, Mary Katherine, witnessed the abduction.  Smarts family went on television and worked with the Laura Recovery Center, gathering 2,000 search volunteers to find Elizabeth, but were unable to locate her. A few months later, Elizabeths sister  identified Mitchells voice as that of the kidnapper, Emmanuel, who had done odd jobs for the Smart family, but the police didnt find that to be a valid lead. The Smart family hired a sketch artist to draw his face and released it on Larry King Live and other media resources, which led to Mitchell being found with Elizabeth and Wanda nine months after her kidnapping. After several trials,  Mitchells insanity defense fell apart on Dec. 11, 2010. Elizabeth testified that she was repeatedly raped and forced to watch sexual films and consume alcohol during her confinement. The jury found Brian David Mitchell guilty of kidnapping with the intention of engaging her in ​sexual activity and sentenced him to life in prison in Arizona, while Barzee was sentenced to prison until 2024.