Communication Skills in Social Work | Essay

Communication Skills in mixer Work EssayIn the context of use of Social Work practice learning(Childrens Services Assessment Team)and the affectionate work role discuss a particular piece ofpractice, giving consideration to the skills and models of talk and empowerment that were utilise.IntroductionOrganized under the United Kingdoms Department of Health, Childrens Services represents a division of Social Care which is administered in to each one region under the auspices of the Childrens Commissioner (Children Act 2004). Childrens Services is committed to the safeguarding and rights of nipperren through high quality service over a broad array of sustenance. The Childrens Assessment Team under the Department of Health has the responsibility for the handling of children and their families who take for benne each referred and or have contacted their respective Child Care agency (London Borough of Barking Dagenham, 2006). The preceding includes the offering of advice and he lp while ensuring that the correct decisions are r interceptered with regard to the urgency dictated by the great deal along with the proper response level.The preceding represents an assessment as carried out in each individual circumstance, which requires skills, parley and the powers to carried the aforementioned out. This examination shall look into a particular area of practice concerning Social Work in the Childrens Services Assessment Team, giving consideration to the skills, models of communication and empowerment involved.The Referral and Assessment looking at of Childrens Services represents one of the about important areas of the m whatever(prenominal) services offered by this Department in that it is responsible for acting upon referrals concerning children and their families that are in bring of assessment (Southwark Council, 2006). The Referral and Assessment Team provides intervention as well as support and is responsible for the initial intake bear upon coveri ng the assessment of require and urgency, prioritizing said theatrical roles on an individual basis (Barnett London Borough, 2006). whizz of the most important areas, which includes child protection, legal proceedings and that children in compulsion are looked subsequently, is the initial movement which identifies a child in need as opposed to child protection (Wrexham County Borough, 2001). The manner in which the referral was initiated has a bearing upon the type of skill, communication and application of techniques involved. In this instance, this examination shall utilize the example of an abused child that has been brought to the attention of Child Services through calls made by a touch on citizen, or new(prenominal) means. The data and information gathered in the initial contact, regarding the allegation, requires immediate follow up to assess the truthfulness of the allegation and thus whether gain ground action is warranted (Barnett London Borough, 2006). Said refer ral can come from a piece of sources, such as neighbors, teachers, school nurse, and other sources (Barnett London Borough, 2006). Once the turn has been initiated the most important aspect entails the skills, and communication techniques employed.The core mission of all genial work is the promotion of social justice through its practice (Healy, 1998, pp. 897-914). Within this framework, social workers are in a system that promotes collaborative approaches representing analysis and prioritization (Healy and Mulholland, 1998, pp. 3-27). Once the decision has been made to see the child in question, as a ensue of either the suspicion or proof regarding action macrocosm warranted, the skills in communication as well as observation come into play. Thompson (2003, pp. 10) advises that the importance of communication is that it permits us to transmit information from one person to a nonher and it represents a complex, multilevel event. In communicating with children as well as adults , social workers need to be well versed in interaction that accompanies communication and contact, and the complexities entailed, as well as the messages on a verbal and non verbal flat solid (Thompson, 2003. pp. 10-12, 33 34, 182-183).In those instances where there is an absence of external physical evidence or medical examination, the social worker has to be able to ascertain from conversations and observations with the child as well as the adults involved regarding tone of voice, eye movements, reactions, and other behavior whether truthful replies are being given. The preceding represents areas that encompass theory as well as practice. Adams et al (1998, pp. 253-272) state that the context of social work has changed over the past twenty years as a result of bare-assed public management systems that have decreased the cling to of theory along with the value driven aspects involved in human social work.In the context of childrens services the Referral and Assessment Team inte rcede on behalf of the child through policy decisions and active support when the initial interview uncovers need, depending upon the circumstances. This aspect represents compass point number six under Article Two, General Function, of the Children Act 2004 (Children Act 2004). The Department of Health (2006) provides for advocacy safeguards for children to protect them from abuse as well as poor practice. This aspect provides for children themselves to be a part of the deal, having and active voice that can be and is heard to participate in reaching determinations (Department of Health, 2006). Under provisions as set forth, the standards and core principles that children can expect are identified as (Department of Health, 2006)The role of children in advocacy,policy context,equal opportunities,confidentiality,publicity,accessibility,independence,complaints,procedures, andthe management and governance of servicesThe preceding along with empowerment provides the child with a real voice as well as organization that is committed to ensure their well being as found under the Childrens Services Regulations 2005 of the Children Act 2004 (Childrens Services command Regulations, 2005). Through a formalized inspection, review and analysis process involving two or more inspecto reckons and commissions, the process is ensured of impartiality as well as adequate oversight. Articles 2.3 under this provision sets forth that relevant assessments, inspections, reviews, investigations and studies are conducted on cases. These measures are a part of the framework of checks and balances incorpo ordaind into the process for the safeguarding of the child who comes to the attention of Childrens Services. Empowerment also provides for the offering of assistance, counseling and advice to parents in need of help in order to safeguard a childs well being. The formalized process sets forth specific guidelines in all of the indicated areas, as well as a broader scope for a matter of such national importance.ConclusionOwing to the sensitive nature of services involving children, specific case studies or references to such are not available, for the obvious reasons. Under the context of the Referral and Assessment Team of social work, a hypothetical example was used as the broad framework for the examination of practice learning and the social work role with consideration given to the skills and models of communication and empowerment. The Children Act 2004 and the Childrens Services Inspection Regulations, 2005 set forth specific procedures, guidelines and framework for the handling of child cases providing oversight safeguards through redundancy features. severally regional Council works in partnership with the departments of information and Health, as well as other social work teams to ensure the co-ordination of assessment of needs leading to the formulation of individual care plans and support packages (Beacon Council, 2006). The process of referral a nd assessment is conducted under procedures that are of course subject to the individual expertise levels of the interviewers and case workers. However the safeguards of a multi-level internal review and follow up process catches any potential instances whereby a child might slip through the system due to any number of reasons. As is the case with any process involving humans and organizations, there are those occasions when the system or the person fails, however, given the multi level review and follow up process, such mistakes do not last too long.BibliographyAdams, R., Dominelli, L., Payne, M. (1998) Social Work Themes, Issues and Critical Debates. Houndsmills MacmillanBarnett London Borough (2006) Supporting Families Division. Retrieved on 10 declination 2006 from http//www.barnet.gov.uk/index/health-social-care/children-and-family-care/supporting-families-division.htmBeacon Council (2006) Children and Families. Retrieved on 12 December 2006 from http//www.bexley.gov.uk/servic e/social/childrenandfamilies/disabilities.htmlChildren Act (2004) Children Act 2004. Retrieved on 10 December 2006 from http//www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2004/40031b.htm1Childrens Services Inspection Regulations (2005) Childrens Services Inspection Regulations. Retrieved on 12 December 2006 from http//66.218.69.11/search/cache?p=uk+children%27s+services+assessment+teamfr=yfp-t-501toggle=1ei=UTF-8u=www.dfes.gov.uk/consultations/downloadableDocs/Childrens%20Services%20Inspection%20Regulations%20Consultation%20Document%20-%20PDF.pdfw=uk+childrens+services+assessment+teamd=IY3kv5IFNg0Eicp=1.intl=usDepartment of Health (2006) Department of Health Childrens Advocacy. Retrieved on 11 December 2006 from http//www.dh.gov.uk/Consultations/ResponsesToConsultations/ResponsesToConsultationsDocumentSummary/fs/en?CONTENT_ID=4017049chk=vFWyblHealy, K. (1998) Participation and Child Protection The Importance of Context. Vol. 28. British Journal of Social WorkHealy, K., Mulholland, J. 81998) Discourse a nalysis and militant social work Investigating practice processes. Vol. 25, Number 3. Journal of Sociology and Social WelfareLondon Borough of Barking Dagenham (2006) Childrens Services Childrens Assessment Team. Retrieved on 10 December 2006 from London Borough of Barking DagenhamSouthwark Council (2006) Childrens Services. Retrieved on 10 December 2006 from http//www.southwark.gov.uk/Uploads/FILE_10982.pdfThompson, N. (2003) Communication and Language A Handbook of Theory and Practice. Palgrave MacmillanWrexham County Borough (2001) Assessment Framework for Children in deal and their families. September 2001. Wrexham Social Services Department, Directorate of Personal Services, Wrexham, United KingdomAquatic Plants Rate Of PhotosynthesisAquatic Plants Rate Of PhotosynthesisAcid rainfall is a know effect of worldwide warming, which has prostituted many aquatic environments and aquatic nominates throughout the world. This national investigates the effects of dose rain on an aquatic fructifys rate of photosynthesis. The seek question is How does the change in pH of an ditchmosss home ground due to excommunicationting rain affect the plants rate of photosynthesis? Samples of elodea were placed into two corrosiveic results, 0.01 hoagie solution of nitrous acid and 0.001 Molar solution of nitric acid, in a photosynthometer. The control grouping is water in the photosynthometer with a pH of 7. Each trial took 24 minute of arcs and the experiment was done in a high school chemistry lab near a window ledge, away from develop sun faint. After each 24 instant period, the amount of atomic number 8 step downd by the plants is metric to determine the rate of photosynthesis.As the environment effects more acidic, the elodea samples the great unwashed of oxygen judgment of dismissal decreases. The mean(a) sight of oxygen release for the elodea samples in the control water group is 0.57 mL, 0.29 mL for the pH 4.0 group, and 0.15 for the pH 3.5 group. The results from this study suggest that there are big deflections among the three groups and that acid rain negatively affects the rate of photosynthesis.1.0 Introduction1.1 Rationale of StudyNowadays, global warming has become a big issue on the forefront of environmental problems. Its not simply the devastation of rising temperatures all over the world but other effects as well which can be much more dangerous and calumniatory to the human race. One of these effects is the increase in the moroseness of precipitation, or acid rain. At present, acid rain affects large parts of the United States and is especially noticeable near large cities. The annual acidity value averages at pH 4 but values as low as pH 2.1 have been observed. It is confirmed that the increased use of natural fuck up and development of factories have been associated with the increasing acidity of precipitation and thus, efforts had been made to rely on more clean, renewable energy sources and the deve lopment of air quality procession standards. However, not all the economic and ecological effects due to the introduction of strong acids into the natural systems are cognise and therefore, this study looks into one of its many harmful effects, the acidification of freshwater ecosystems.Studies suggest that no matter how small the change in pH of any aquatic ecosystem is, large amounts of magnesium and calcium would still be lost in the vicinity affected by acid rain. As a result of the loss of these vital elements, the response and reco truly of any aquatic ecosystem toward the decrease in acid deposition would be delayed significantly. Because of this, any further decrease in pH of the ecosystem volition bring about exponential function increases in damage to any animated organism within the affected area. Just like how damage to the human immune system would lead to significant, exponentially increasing damage to the human body in the form of diseases, the damage done to th e recovery mechanisms of an aquatic ecosystem due to acid rain opens up possibilities for catastrophes that could be of a far worse magnitude.One such possible disaster is the harming of aquatic plants rates of photosynthesis. Alongside the endangerment of the population of crustaceans, insects, and fish within the aquatic ecosystem, the damage done to the aquatic plants rates of photosynthesis such as Elodea Canadensiss, can be one of the worst possible effects of acid rain and global warming. This study is worthwhile in that plants are the basis of the food chain and any damage inflicted upon the process of photosynthesis in general would surely mean that our very own existence is in jeopardy.1.2 AimThe aim of this newsprint is to study the effects of the change in pH of Elodea Canadensiss environment on the plants rate of photosynthesis. In a broader context, this study investigates the effects of acid rain on aquatic plants.Hence, the research question is How does the change in pH of an elodeas freshwater habitat due to acid rain affect the plants rate of photosynthesis?The rate of photosynthesis is measured with a photosynthometer in which oxygen released from the elodea samples are collected under differing pH environments. The elodea samples are placed in differing solutions of nitric acid, which are used to simulate elodea living in freshwater habitats affected by acid rain. Because oxygen is a product of photosynthesis and is correlated to the rate of photosynthesis, oxygen is then collected from the various experimental groups. Most experiments that require the measurement of the rate of photosynthesis of a macrophyte determine the changes in oxygen concentration of the system in which the macrophyte is kept in and thus, this study is done in the most popular manner. The volume of oxygen collected from each group would then be analyzed to determine the optimal conditions for an aquatic plant to live in and the effects of acid rain on the rate of ph otosynthesis.1.3 Acid RainBecause the value for unpolluted precipitation is officially set at pH 5.65, the same value as distilled water, acid rain is a term that describes rain with a pH of less than 5.6. Man-made emissions of sulfur and nitrogen pollutants had always been blamed as a study cause of acid rain but a genuine cause-effect relationship has never been determined. However, it is certain that sulfur and nitrogen compounds react with the atmosphere to produce acids that would displace the pH of precipitation. There are also many natural sources of these sulfur and nitrogen compounds. For example, approximately 50 percent of atmospheric nitrogen compounds are produced by lightning discharges, which whitethorn bring about acid rain.The real importance of studying acid rain though is to study its effects on the natural ecosystems. One such ecosystem that is affected greatly by acid rain is the aquatic ecosystem. The chemical composition of lakes is heavily influenced by pre cipitation and many studies have suggested that acid rain has caused lake acidification. Most importantly, the changes in pH of these ecosystems due to acid rain appeared to have damaged aquatic plants transfiguration, causing a decline in first-string productivity. Because these aquatic plant communities are primary producers, any damage done to their metabolism mechanisms (photosynthesis) can drastically reduce the food supply and energy take to the woods within the affected ecosystem. Thus, acid rain has the potential to reduce the supply of minerals and nutrients and endanger the existence of all organisms within an ecosystem, especially aquatic ecosystems.1.4 Marine PhotosynthesisThe metabolism of plants is commonly referred to as photosynthesis. Photosynthesis involves two kinds of processes, photochemical and enzymatical, meaning that the rate of photosynthesis is a function of irradiance and enzyme activity. No enzymes are involved in the photochemical process in which th e plant absorbs light in the range of 350 and 700 nm in wave aloofness. In this process, chlorophyll molecules absorb light and excites electrons, which go through the electron transport and end up producing adenosine triphosphate and NADPH. As its name implies, the photochemical process involves light and is purely chemistry.The other process is the light-independent enzymatical process of the Calvin cycle. This process occurs after the light-dependent reaction for it requires the ATP and NADPH to reduce carbonic acid gas to carbohydrate. At the start of this process, six carbon dioxide molecules attach to six 5-carbon ribulose biphosphate (RuBP) molecules to create six molecules of a 6-carbon compound. Each of these 6-carbon compounds splits into two 3-carbon molecules called phosphoglycerate (PGA). This results in 12 PGA molecules. Energy from ATP and electrons from NADPH are then needed to reduce each of these PGA molecules into twelve G3P (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate) molecules. Finally, two of these G3P molecules are used to form one glucose molecule and the remain ten G3P are reassembled into RuBP molecules.Marine Photosynthesis also requires CO2 to start and this CO2 is acquired when CO2 is fade away in water. This process is represented by the following formulasCO2 + H2O H2CO3CO2 + OH- HCO3-The dissolved CO2 in the water can either make the water increase or decrease in pH depending on the pH, temperature, and salinity of the environment. The concentrations of carbonic acid (H2CO3) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) in the aquatic environment form a complex equilibrium, which is needed to sustain optimal living conditions for its inhabitants the two compounds play a vital biochemical role in the pH buffering system, which strongly affects photosynthetic organisms.1.5 Elodea CanadensisElodea Canadensis is an aquatic vascular plant that spends its entire life cycle under the surface of a body of water. It is a perennial with a flexible branches stem and fibrous roots. Its take into accounts do not have petioles and they are always in groups of three to seven spread out evenly along the entire length of the stem. The species of Elodea Canadensis is commonly known as waterweed and is abundant in North and South America. However, there are 17 species of the genus Elodea and these plants are common throughout the world with use as an aquarium plant. Its use in science experiments is fairly common as well due to its strongly photosynthetic, dense chloroplast structure. When exposed to a strong light source, the oxygen bubbles given off by the plant is clearly visible. Another reason for its use in science experiments is that it is able to live enough after being cut into smaller strands to be experimented on.2.0 Variables2.1 Independent VariableThe elodea plants are placed in 2 different nitric acid solutions of change pH and molarity. Strands of elodea with 10 leaves each are subjected to either a 0.001 molar solution of nitric acid with a pH of 4.0 or a .01 molar solution of nitric acid with a pH of 3.5. The solution and elodea are placed into the barrel of the syringe in the photosynthometer. Litmus paper is used to measure the pH of the acid solutions.2.2 Dependent VariableThe rate of photosynthesis of the elodea samples are affected by the varying pH of the solutions they are subjected to. The rate of photosynthesis is indicated by the volume of oxygen given off by each 10 leaf elodea strand and collected in the photosynthometer over a 24 hour experiment period.2.3 Control VariableThe control variable is tap water with a pH of 7.0, a neutral solution, in the photosynthometer. It is used to determine whether or not the acidic solutions the elodea strands are tasteed in actually have an effect on the plants rates of photosynthesis as compared to a neutral aquatic environment.2.4 ConstantsAll trials are done in the same chemistry laboratory next to a window ledge, away from direct sunlight. The manner and the solut ions inside the syringe of the photosynthometer are kept at a constant 26.4 Celsius. Each elodea sample is a 10 leaf strand. The same volume of solution is used for every trial in the photosynthometer.3.0 Procedures3.1 Preparation before experimentation3.1.1 Test TrialsBefore any definite procedure of experimentation is made, political campaign trials needed to be done first in order to see which acid solutions would not kill elodea in a 24 hour period. Strands of elodea are placed in experiment tubes with 0.001 molar, 0.01 molar, and 0.1 molar nitric acid solutions and are labeled. By the end of the 24 hour period, the elodea in the test tubes with the 0.1 molar nitric acid solution died since the leaves lost all of their green color and oxygen bubbles were not released from the leaves even before the 24 hour period. This meant that the plant could not perform photosynthesis anymore and was dead. The other two elodea samples were alive and thus, the 0.001 molar and 0.01 molar ni tric acid solutions were used for experimentation to pantomime the effect of acid rain on an aquatic plants rate of photosynthesis.3.1.2 Nitric Acid Solutions PreparationThe 0.01 Molar solution of nitric acid is made by mixing 1 mL of a 1.0 Molar solution of nitric acid with 99 mL of tap water in a calibrated cylinder. The tap water is measured with the graduated cylinder and a pipet is used to hold 1 mL of the 1.0 Molar solution of nitric acid.1 Liter of a 0.001 Molar solution of nitric acid is prepared by mixing 1 mL of a 1.0 Molar solution of nitric acid with 999 mL of tap water in a liter plastic laboratory bottle. 1 Liter of this solution is made since it is more convenient to create a large volume of an acid solution with a low concentration than it is to create a small volume of a extremely diluted acid solution.3.1.3 Apparatus PreparationThe photosynthometer is assembled by connecting a syringe to a graduated 1-cm3 pipette with a short length of rubber tubing. The lengt h of the rubber tubing is arbitrary as long as it is tight enough to secure the syringe to the pipette, preventing any liquid from coming out of either the syringe or pipette.The apparatus is fixed in a vertical position with the test tube clamp and ring stand (Figure 1), using the test tube clamp on the syringe and connecting that to the ring stand.3.2 Method for Experimentation with the Photosynthometer3.2.1 Application of Elodea Sample and Solutions into the PhotosynthometerBefore experimentation, a sample of elodea is taken by cutting a strand of elodea with 10 leaves. The mass of the elodea is recorded and measured in order to look for patterns after experimentation. The loon of the syringe is then removed and the elodea sample is placed into the barrel of the syringe. Since any liquid placed in the syringe with the plunger off will fall straight through and out the apparatus, the elodea sample is placed in the apparatus first before anything. 30 mL of the 0.001 Molar solutio n of nitric acid is then poured into the barrel of the syringe and the barrel is immediately sealed with the plunger to prevent any more liquid from leaving the apparatus. No matter what, some of the solution would still leave the apparatus with the plunger off. Therefore, 30 mL of the solution is used in the barrel so that any excess amount of the nitric acid solution could be expelled by pushing down on the plunger until 15 mL of the solution is left field in the barrel of the syringe. With the apparatus removed from the test tube clamp and the open end of the pippette pointing upwards, any trapped air inside the syringe and pipette is expelled by slowly and softyly pushing the plunger into the barrel until all of the trapped air expelled, making sure not to have any of the solution leave the pipette.3.2.2 Maintaining ConstantsWhen the apparatus is placed back onto the test tube clamp and ring stand, the temperature of the nitric acid solution inside the barrel of the syringe is m easured with an invisible thermometer and recorded. The temperature is measured to make sure that the temperature remains constant for all trials since temperature does affect the rate of photosynthesis. To maintain constant temperatures and weather conditions as well, experimentation is done in one room for all trials and begins at the same time of day. In my case, experimentation was done in the schools chemistry laboratory, which was kept at a constant 26.4 Celsius, at 1600 US central time.3.2.3 Data CollectionThe volume (the location of the meniscus) of the nitric acid solution in the pipette of the apparatus is measured and recorded. The time is measured and recorded as well. The elodea sample is left in the apparatus for 24 hours. After that time, the amount of oxygen the sample of elodea gave off is measured and recorded by looking at the location of the meniscus of the acid solution in the pipette. All experimental procedures are then repeated with the 0.01 Molar nitric aci d solution and tap water instead of the 0.001 Molar nitric acid solution.Table 44.7 ANOVA testThe ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) test is also used to further verify the difference of the results among the experimental groups. The result of this ANOVA test indicates whether the experimental variable (pH of the elodeas environment) causes significant difference on the elodeas rates of photosynthesis.Before the ANOVA test could be carried out, three assumptions are madeObservations are independent (the value of one observation is not correlated with the value of another observation).Observations in each group are normally distributed.Homogeneity of variances (the variance of each group is equal to the variance of any other group).The null hypothesis of this test is there is no difference between the means of the different groups (pH 7.0, 4.0, and 3.5). Then, the statistic test is carried out to find the F ratio.F Ratio = Mean square between groupsMean square within groupsIf the computed F ratio is greater than the F critical value at the implication level of 0.05, the null hypothesis is rejected.5.0 ConclusionGraph 1 shows that the mean volumes of oxygen release among all the groups had significant differences. The average volume of oxygen release for the pH 4.0 group is 0.29 mL, which is about half of the mean volume of oygen release for the control group, pH 7.0, of 0.57 mL. The mean volume of oxygen release for the pH 3.5 group is 0.15 which is about half of the mean volume of oxygen release of the pH 4.0 group as well. As shown in Graph 2, this trend is shown to be of an exponential decline in mean volume of oxygen release as pH increases as the environment becomes more acidic, the mean volume of oxygen release declines more sharply. According to Table 3, the average volume of oxygen release of the pH 4.0 group differs from the control pH 7.0 group by 49%. The average volume of oxygen release for the pH 3.5 group differs from the control pH 7.0 group by 74%. T hese values are large and again evince the significant difference of the results of the experimental groups to those of the control group. According to Table 5, ANOVA test results, there is a significant difference between the mean volumes of oxygen release between the pH 7.0 and pH 4.0 groups, as well as the pH 7.0 and pH 4.0 groups. However, there is no significant difference between the results of the pH 4.0 and pH 3.5 groups. From the ANOVA test results, the hypothesis that the elodeas rate of photosynthesis would be harmed in more acidic environments is supported. A change from an environment of pH 7.0 to pH 4.0 would greatly reduce an elodea plants rate of photosynthesis while a change from an environment of pH 4.0 to pH 3.5 would not bring about a significant reduction in an elodea plants rate of photosynthesis. The standard devation values from table 4 state on average how far the data varies from the mean. For each group, the standard devation is comparatively low compared to the averages of each trial and thus, the data collected and the methods used to collect the data is very precise.Increasing the acidity of an environment results in a number of physical, chemical, and biological changes. A chemical change that could occur is the change in the availability of carbon. With the pH of the environment at jolly acidic levels, the amount of dissolved HCO3- in the water look out overs. This dissolved HCO3- in the water is the plants source of carbon used for photosynthesis and it is proven that aquatic plants have the best rate of photosynthesis in slightly alkaline environments due to the availability of carbon in the dissolved HCO3-. The lower pH levels in the environment also affect the enzymes in the cells of the plant. If pH levels drop low enough, enzymes such as RuBP used in the Calvin Cycle would shut off and would no longer carry out the chemical reactions needed for photosynthesis. not only would the acid in the environment kill the enzymes b ut the acid would also destroy the plant proteins, lipids, and membranes, causing plant cells to malfunction and a study reduction in the rate of photosynthesis. Specifically, the lowered pH of the environment causes alterations in the chlorophyll molecules, which are highly essential to the process of photosynthesis.6.0 Evaluation and SuggestionsPossible haphazard errors include the inaccuracy of the solution molarity stated, mass stated, and volume of oxygen release stated. These random errors may be caused by the inaccuracy of the measuring equipment. The equipment such as graduated cylinders and pipettes are fairly accurate though to an extent.One possible systematic error could be the different masses of each elodea sample. The mass of each strand may affect the volume of oxygen released for mass may determine the amount of chloroplast in each sample. Since each elodea sample was cut from a larger strand, this cutting may also cut each samples life. With a samples life cut sh ort, the volume of oxygen collected from this experimentation may not truly reflect how plants act outside of these laboratory conditions. Also, the worst source of error in measuring the rate of photosynthesis with a gas appealingness method may be the gas storage within the leaves. If some oxygen is stored in the leaves, the oxygen collected in the photosynthometer may not fully represent the samples true rates of photosynthesis in the tested environments.Some measures that could be taken to prevent these errors could be to use more accurate equipment and using plant samples of similar mass as well as number of leaves.Total Word Count 3,002